5.19.R - Lesson Review: Resources, Weathering, & Soil Flashcards
One of the benefits to using hydropower is ______________.
it is a nonrenewable energy source
low-cost electricity
it decreases the flow of natural fertilizer
it may kill or injure migrating birds
it needs a backup system if there is no wind
low-cost electricity
Some of the problems with coal include: (choose 2)
It has a low net energy yield.
It has high CO2 emissions when it is burned.
It is renewable.
There are high costs in obtaining it.
It is a severe threat to human health.
There is not a large enough supply.
It has high CO2 emissions when it is burned.
It is a severe threat to human health.
There is enough coal to last us about _______________ years.
500
300
100
200
75
25
500
What is the best free energy source?
solar
oil
coal
nuclear
natural Gas
solar
What is the main leading source of renewable energy?
oil
coal
wind power
natural gas
hydropower
geothermal energy
hydropower
A passive method of using solar energy would be _____________________.
opening the window to let sunlight come in
using fancy gizmos
distributing the energy with pumps and fans
diverting energy using pumps and fans
collecting the energy using pumps and fans
opening the window to let sunlight come in
The heating and cooling of rocks causes them to expand and contract. When this happens, pieces of rock flake off in a process called _____________. It can also happen from pressure being released on the surface.
exfoliation
ice wedging
oxidation
hydrolysis
abrasion
exfoliation
Oxidation, from O2, affects minerals with the element ____________ causing the rock to turn reddish.
cobalt
carbon
zinc
iron
iron
____________________ is not a process of mechanical weathering because it involves the breakdown of chemical structures.
Thermal expansion
Sheet jointing
Exfoliation
Dissolution
Frost wedging
Dissolution
Abrasion can cause rocks to be tumbled into a round shape by _________, _____________, and _________.
rivers
glaciers
gravity
wind
waves
rivers
glaciers
waves
When lichen and moss grow on rocks they begin the process of ____________.
chemical weathering by hydrolysis
biological weathering due to pressure
chemical weathering due to plant acids
chemical weathering by acid rain
mechanical weathering from exfoliation
biological weathering due to pressure
Chemical weathering can be caused by plants. Which is the most likely possibility?
Plants produce oxygen which causes the rocks to deteriorate.
Plant roots break apart the rocks.
Plant leaves produce toxic chemicals that break apart rocks.
Plants die and decay, dissolving in water, breaking down rocks.
Plants like ivy, moss, and lichens grow on the rock breaking it down over time.
Plants die and decay, dissolving in water, breaking down rocks.
Parent material is responsible for the ____________________________. (Choose 3)
the formation of the soil horizons
water content, timing, and substance of soil development
the movement of soil from one place to another
water content, oxygen content, and carbon dioxide content of the soil
physical and chemical properties of the soil
direction, timing, and nature of the soil material
the formation of the soil horizons
physical and chemical properties of the soil
direction, timing, and nature of the soil material
Steep topography causes all of the following except ________________________.
leading to poor soil formation at the bottom of the slope
quicker soil formation at the bottom of the slope
subjecting the soil to faster water flowing down
increased weathering and breakdown of rock
subjecting the soil to faster erosion
subjecting the soil to more to wind
leading to poor soil formation at the bottom of the slope
Organic material starts to accumulate in __________ soil.
Mature
The soil horizon that has very little weathering is called _____________________.
C-horizon
subsoil
B-horizon
A-horizon
topsoil
O-horizon
C-horizon
What 2 things affect the acceleration of soil formation? ______________ and _____________.
time & temperature
temperature & precipitation
temperature & parent material
precipitation & organic matter
temperature & precipitation
Sand isn’t sand unless it is between _____________ and _____________.
.05mm–2mm
.002mm–.05mm
2mm–75mm
>75mm
<.002mm
.05mm–2mm
How can the negative impacts of deforestation be minimized?
We can minimize it by doing selective logging. We can also reduce the retention of buffer zones of trees along river beds.
What is the use of organisms to clean up or break down toxic waste?
Is called bioremediation. Organisms are used to break down toxic waste and, therefore, will reduce negative environmental impacts.
A very controversial form of energy is ________________ power.
wind
nuclear
solar
natural gas
geothermal
coal
nuclear
One of the benefits to conventional oil is _______________.
it is cheap to get out of the ground
it is not running out as quickly as most people think
it has a high net energy yield
it doesn’t have as much air pollution as other sources of nonrenewable energy
it discourages waste
it doesn’t pollute the water
it has a high net energy yield
Problems with using wind power include some of the following: (select all that apply).
Backup systems are needed if there is no wind.
It may kill migrating birds.
It may create a lot of noise.
It needs to store the heat somehow.
It needs a lot of land.
It is high in CO2 emissions.
Backup systems are needed if there is no wind.
It may kill migrating birds.
It may create a lot of noise.
It needs a lot of land.
Benefits to using geothermal energy include all of the following except ____________.
it has low land disturbance
it has moderate environmental impact
it has lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels
non-toxic emissions turn into water vapor
it is very efficient
it has low land use
non-toxic emissions turn into water vapor
When water freezes it ______________________.
expands less than 5%
contracts less than 5%
contracts approximately 5%
expands approximately 5%
expands approximately 10%
expands approximately 10%
Abrasion can cause rocks to be tumbled into a round shape by _________, _____________, and _________.
glaciers
rivers
gravity
wind
waves
glaciers
rivers
waves
What is weathering?
the formation of canyons due to rivers
the formation of sediments on the bottom of a river
the changing of rocks at the Earth’s surface due to exposure to certain variables
the formation of sedimentary rock due to compaction and cementation
the conversion of rock due to heat and pressure
the transportation of rocks and sediments to another location
the changing of rocks at the Earth’s surface due to exposure to certain variables
When lichen and moss grow on rocks they begin the process of ____________.
chemical weathering by hydrolysis
chemical weathering by acid rain
mechanical weathering from exfoliation
biological weathering due to pressure
chemical weathering due to plant acids
biological weathering due to pressure
The most important soil horizon is the _________________.
O-horizon
B-horizon
subsoil
C-horizon
A-horizon
parent material
A-horizon
Explain deforestation.
Your Answer:
Deforestation is the cutting down trees in a forested area and not replanting them.
Five factors that affect soil formation are _____________________________.
elevation, climate, soil horizons, time, parent material
parent material, climate, time, topography, organisms
parent material, water content, topography, soil horizons, elevation
climate, time, water content, organisms, elevation
topography, climate, elevation, parent material, time
soil horizons, topography, time, parent material, elevation
parent material, climate, time, topography, organisms
How can the negative impacts of deforestation be minimized?
Your Answer:
We can minimize it by doing selective logging. We can also reduce the retention of buffer zones of trees along river beds.
