5.19.R - Lesson Review: Resources, Weathering, & Soil

Question 1

One of the benefits to using hydropower is ______________.
it is a nonrenewable energy source
low-cost electricity
it decreases the flow of natural fertilizer
it may kill or injure migrating birds
it needs a backup system if there is no wind

Answer 1

low-cost electricity

Question 2

Some of the problems with coal include: (choose 2)
It has a low net energy yield.
It has high CO2 emissions when it is burned.
It is renewable.
There are high costs in obtaining it.
It is a severe threat to human health.
There is not a large enough supply.

Answer 2

It has high CO2 emissions when it is burned.
It is a severe threat to human health.

Question 3

There is enough coal to last us about _______________ years.
500
300
100
200
75
25

Answer 3

500

Question 4

What is the best free energy source?
solar
oil
coal
nuclear
natural Gas

Answer 4

solar

Question 5

What is the main leading source of renewable energy?
oil
coal
wind power
natural gas
hydropower
geothermal energy

Answer 5

hydropower

Question 6

A passive method of using solar energy would be _____________________.
opening the window to let sunlight come in
using fancy gizmos
distributing the energy with pumps and fans
diverting energy using pumps and fans
collecting the energy using pumps and fans

Answer 6

opening the window to let sunlight come in

Question 7

The heating and cooling of rocks causes them to expand and contract. When this happens, pieces of rock flake off in a process called _____________. It can also happen from pressure being released on the surface.
exfoliation
ice wedging
oxidation
hydrolysis
abrasion

Answer 7

exfoliation

Question 8

Oxidation, from O2, affects minerals with the element ____________ causing the rock to turn reddish.
cobalt
carbon
zinc
iron

Answer 8

iron

Question 9

____________________ is not a process of mechanical weathering because it involves the breakdown of chemical structures.
Thermal expansion
Sheet jointing
Exfoliation
Dissolution
Frost wedging

Answer 9

Dissolution

Question 10

Abrasion can cause rocks to be tumbled into a round shape by _________, _____________, and _________.
rivers
glaciers
gravity
wind
waves

Answer 10

rivers
glaciers
waves

Question 11

When lichen and moss grow on rocks they begin the process of ____________.
chemical weathering by hydrolysis
biological weathering due to pressure
chemical weathering due to plant acids
chemical weathering by acid rain
mechanical weathering from exfoliation

Answer 11

biological weathering due to pressure

Question 12

Chemical weathering can be caused by plants. Which is the most likely possibility?
Plants produce oxygen which causes the rocks to deteriorate.
Plant roots break apart the rocks.
Plant leaves produce toxic chemicals that break apart rocks.
Plants die and decay, dissolving in water, breaking down rocks.
Plants like ivy, moss, and lichens grow on the rock breaking it down over time.

Answer 12

Plants die and decay, dissolving in water, breaking down rocks.

Question 13

Parent material is responsible for the ____________________________. (Choose 3)
the formation of the soil horizons
water content, timing, and substance of soil development
the movement of soil from one place to another
water content, oxygen content, and carbon dioxide content of the soil
physical and chemical properties of the soil
direction, timing, and nature of the soil material

Answer 13

the formation of the soil horizons
physical and chemical properties of the soil
direction, timing, and nature of the soil material

Question 14

Steep topography causes all of the following except ________________________.
leading to poor soil formation at the bottom of the slope
quicker soil formation at the bottom of the slope
subjecting the soil to faster water flowing down
increased weathering and breakdown of rock
subjecting the soil to faster erosion
subjecting the soil to more to wind

Answer 14

leading to poor soil formation at the bottom of the slope

Question 15

Organic material starts to accumulate in __________ soil.

Answer 15

Mature

Question 16

The soil horizon that has very little weathering is called _____________________.
C-horizon
subsoil
B-horizon
A-horizon
topsoil
O-horizon

Answer 16

C-horizon

Question 17

What 2 things affect the acceleration of soil formation? ______________ and _____________.
time & temperature
temperature & precipitation
temperature & parent material
precipitation & organic matter

Answer 17

temperature & precipitation

Question 18

Sand isn’t sand unless it is between _____________ and _____________.
.05mm–2mm
.002mm–.05mm
2mm–75mm
>75mm
<.002mm

Answer 18

.05mm–2mm

Question 19

How can the negative impacts of deforestation be minimized?

Answer 19

We can minimize it by doing selective logging. We can also reduce the retention of buffer zones of trees along river beds.

Question 20

What is the use of organisms to clean up or break down toxic waste?

Answer 20

Is called bioremediation. Organisms are used to break down toxic waste and, therefore, will reduce negative environmental impacts.

Question 21

A very controversial form of energy is ________________ power.
wind
nuclear
solar
natural gas
geothermal
coal

Answer 21

nuclear

Question 22

One of the benefits to conventional oil is _______________.
it is cheap to get out of the ground
it is not running out as quickly as most people think
it has a high net energy yield
it doesn’t have as much air pollution as other sources of nonrenewable energy
it discourages waste
it doesn’t pollute the water

Answer 22

it has a high net energy yield

Question 23

Problems with using wind power include some of the following: (select all that apply).
Backup systems are needed if there is no wind.
It may kill migrating birds.
It may create a lot of noise.
It needs to store the heat somehow.
It needs a lot of land.
It is high in CO2 emissions.

Answer 23

Backup systems are needed if there is no wind.
It may kill migrating birds.
It may create a lot of noise.
It needs a lot of land.

Question 24

Benefits to using geothermal energy include all of the following except ____________.
it has low land disturbance
it has moderate environmental impact
it has lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels
non-toxic emissions turn into water vapor
it is very efficient
it has low land use

Answer 24

non-toxic emissions turn into water vapor

Question 25

When water freezes it ______________________.
expands less than 5%
contracts less than 5%
contracts approximately 5%
expands approximately 5%
expands approximately 10%

Answer 25

expands approximately 10%

Question 26

Abrasion can cause rocks to be tumbled into a round shape by _________, _____________, and _________.
glaciers
rivers
gravity
wind
waves

Answer 26

glaciers
rivers
waves

Question 27

What is weathering?
the formation of canyons due to rivers
the formation of sediments on the bottom of a river
the changing of rocks at the Earth’s surface due to exposure to certain variables
the formation of sedimentary rock due to compaction and cementation
the conversion of rock due to heat and pressure
the transportation of rocks and sediments to another location

Answer 27

the changing of rocks at the Earth’s surface due to exposure to certain variables

Question 28

When lichen and moss grow on rocks they begin the process of ____________.
chemical weathering by hydrolysis
chemical weathering by acid rain
mechanical weathering from exfoliation
biological weathering due to pressure
chemical weathering due to plant acids

Answer 28

biological weathering due to pressure

Question 29

The most important soil horizon is the _________________.
O-horizon
B-horizon
subsoil
C-horizon
A-horizon
parent material

Answer 29

A-horizon

Question 30

Explain deforestation.
Your Answer:

Answer 30

Deforestation is the cutting down trees in a forested area and not replanting them.

Question 31

Five factors that affect soil formation are _____________________________.
elevation, climate, soil horizons, time, parent material
parent material, climate, time, topography, organisms
parent material, water content, topography, soil horizons, elevation
climate, time, water content, organisms, elevation
topography, climate, elevation, parent material, time
soil horizons, topography, time, parent material, elevation

Answer 31

parent material, climate, time, topography, organisms

Question 32

How can the negative impacts of deforestation be minimized?
Your Answer:

Answer 32

We can minimize it by doing selective logging. We can also reduce the retention of buffer zones of trees along river beds.