5.1.2: Solid, liquid and gas Flashcards
Solids in terms of spacing, order and motion of particles
Liquids in terms of spacing, order and motion of particles
Gases in terms of spacing, order and motion of particles
Simple kinetic model for solids
Highly ordered, closely packed atoms or molecules with very strong electrostatic force of attraction between atoms or molecules. Atoms or molecules can have small vibrations, and therefore have kinetic energy.
Simple kinetic model for liquids
No fixed shape, but atoms or molecules still closely packed. Atoms and molecules can flow past each other but there is still electrostatic forces acting between the atoms or molecules. Higher kinetic energy than solids.
Simple kinetic model for gases
No fixed shape and atoms and molecules are far apart from each other. Negligible electrostatic forces, so can ignore: therefore atoms and molecules are free to move past each other unless they collide head-on. Gaseous atoms or molecules have high speeds and therefore high kinetic energies.
Brownian motion
The continuous and random movement of particles suspended in a fluid, visible under a microscope.
Internal energy
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules/ particles of a system
Absolute zero
0K (kelvin) or -273.15°C (degrees Celsius). Here, there is minimum internal energy and zero kinetic energy
Heating
The transfer of energy from a region of higher temperature to one at a lower temperature.
Kinetic model
A model that describes all substances to be comprised of atoms, molecules, or ions that are arranged dependent on the phase of the substance.
