5.1 What Are Earthquakes

Question 1

the movement of Earth that shakes the ground

Answer 1

earthquake

Question 2

the study of earthquakes

Answer 2

seismology

Question 3

scientists who study earthquakes

Answer 3

seismologists

Question 4

giant pieces of Earth’s thin, outermost layer

Answer 4

tectonic plates

Question 5

a break in Earth’s crust

Answer 5

fault

Question 6

the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change of shape of rock due to stress

Answer 6

deformation

Question 7

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Answer 7

elastic rebound

Question 8

a wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions

Answer 8

seismic waves

Question 9

seismic waves that travels through Earth’s interior

Answer 9

body waves

Question 10

seismic waves that travel along Earth’s surface

Answer 10

surface waves

Question 11

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth direction

Answer 11

P waves

Question 12

another name for P waves because they are the first waves to arrive

Answer 12

primary waves

Question 13

a seismic wave that causes particle of rock to move in a side to side direction

Answer 13

S waves

Question 14

another name for S waves because they are the second waves to arrive

Answer 14

secondary waves

Question 15

a type of deformation that does not cause earthquakes; process when rock deforms in a plastic matter like a piece of molded clay

Answer 15

plastic deformation