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Semester 3- GI > 5.1 Pathophysiology of Gastric Disease > Flashcards

5.1 Pathophysiology of Gastric Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What does GORD stand for?

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

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2
Q

What is GORD?

A

Reflux of the stomach contents into the oesophagus

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of GORD?

A

Heartburn, coughing, wheezing, dysphagia, sore throat

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4
Q

What are the 4 main causes of GORD?

A

Obesity, lower oesophageal sphincter problems, raised intra-gastric pressure, hiatus hernia

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5
Q

What complications can GORD lead to?

A

Barretts oesophagus, strictures, oesophagitis

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6
Q

How can GORD be treated?

A

Lifestyle changes, Antacids, H2 antagonists, PPIs, surgery (rare)

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7
Q

What is acute gastritis?

A

Acute inflammation of the mucosa in the stomach

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8
Q

What are the main causes of acute gastritis?

A

NSAIDs, excess alcohol, chemotherapy, bile reflux

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of acute gastritis?

A

Often asymptomatic

Pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Bleeding

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10
Q

What are the main causes of chronic gastritis?

A

H. pylori infection

Autoimmune conditions- lack of B12

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11
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

Defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa extending through the muscularis mucosa.

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12
Q

List the natural defence mechanisms against peptic ulcers

A

Mucous layer, bicarbonate neutralises acid, mucosal blood flow, prostaglandins and mucosal renewal

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13
Q

What are the main causes of peptic ulcer disease?

A

NSAIDs, H. pylori, excess stomach acid,

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Epigastric pain, bleeding, weight loss

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15
Q

What is functional dyspepsia?

A

Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease but no physical evidence

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16
Q

What investigations are done to diagnose peptic ulcer disease?

A

Upper GI endoscopy
Urease breath test
Blood test
Chest xray

17
Q

How is peptic ulcer disease treated?

A

Eradicate H. pylori- antibiotics,
Stop NSAIDs
H2 blockers

18
Q

What type of bacteria is H. pylori?

A

Gram negative bacteria

19
Q

How is H. pylori transmitted?

A

Faecal to oral transmission

20
Q

How can H. pylori survive in the stomach?

A

Produces urease. Urease converts urea to ammonium. The cloud of ammonium (alkali) protects the bacteria from the acidic pH of the stomach

21
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Gastrin secreting tumour

Proliferation of parietal cells causing increase in stomach acid and therefore ulcers and metaplasia of the endothelium

22
Q

What is stress ulceration?

A

Symptoms of gastritis following severe trauma

23
Q

What are the symptoms of stomach cancer?

A

Weight loss, malaena, dysphagia, loos of appetite, nausea, vomiting

Semester 3- GI (14 decks)

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