5.1 Flashcards
absolute/thermodynamic scale of temperature
is independent of the properties of any specific substance
absolute zero
the temperature at which a substance has minimum internal energy, lower limit of temperature
0K
-273.16
thermal equilibrium
when there is no net energy transfer between objects
kinetic model of matter
all matter is made up of small particles which are in constant motion. This lets us explain the properties of matter and changes of phase in terms of the arrangement of particles and the attractive forces between them
internal energy
sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules in a system. kinetic energy is stored as the movement of particles, potential energy is stored in the bonds between particles
brownian motion
random movement of small visible particles suspended in a fluid due to collisions with much smaller and faster moving molecules of the fluid
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 kelvin
specific latent heat of fusion
amount of energy need to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid
specific latent heat of vaporisation
the amount of energy needed to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from liquid to gas
changes of temperature during changes of phase
no change in temperature during change of phase, all the the inputted energy is put into the potential energy (overcoming the bonds) not kinetic energy
one mole of a substance
the amount of a substance that contains as many atoms as 12g of carbon 12
ideal gas
a gas that only has internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energy
mean square speed
the mean value of the square of velocity for a large number of gas particles moving randomly in a gas
root mean square speed
square root of the mean square speed
