5.1

Question 1

Characteristics that make up the identity of a place

Answer 1

. Physical geography
. Demography
. Socio-economic
. Cultural
. Political
. Built government

Question 2

Lympstone, East Devon

Answer 2

Lympstone is a small settlement on the east bank of the River Exe estuary, approximately 15 km south of Exeter.

Question 3

Toxteth, Liverpool

Answer 3

Toxteth is part of inner Liverpool, about 1.5 km south of the city centre.

Question 4

Lympstone, East Devon natural characteristics

Answer 4

Lympstone occupies a small valley . A small beach of pebbles and gravel runs along the foot of the cliff.

Question 5

Toxteth, Liverpool natural characteristics

Answer 5

Toxteth occupies undulating land rising up from the banks of the River Mersey.
The Mersey is fast flowing past Toxteth as its channel narrows before passing into Liverpool Bay, so there is little foreshore at Toxteth

Question 6

Lympstone, Before 19th Century

Answer 6

Lympstone was established by the Saxons having forced out the original Celtic Inhabitants

Question 7

Lympstone 19th Century

Answer 7

Into the 19th Century, Lympstone thrived with shipbuilding.
-In the 1840s, considerable numbers of wealthy families from Exeter and East Devon enjoyed the novelty of being ‘by the sea’. Lympstone remained a small village

Question 8

Toxteth Before 18th Century

Answer 8

In the early thirteenth century King John made it part of a large royal hunting forest.
It remained a fenced-off forest for around 300 years.

Question 9

Toxteth 18th Century

Answer 9

. Copper works were established in 1772 and later a ceramics factory.
. Industries such as flour milling and brewing developed to serve a rapidly growing population.
. Shipping industry and residential development emerged.

Question 10

Toxteth 19th Century

Answer 10

The middle class relocated to Greenfield sites on the edge of the built area as disposable incomes increased.

Question 11

Toxteth 20th Century

Answer 11

In the 150 years following the previous epochs, Toxteth changed from a small rural community to an inner city suburb in a large metropolitan area

Original rural features such as fields and hedgerows were replaced by the built environment with just the rise and fall of the ground evident in the streets.

Question 12

Time space compression

Answer 12

Through processes such as globalisation time is accelerated and the significance of space is reduced.

Question 13

Globalisation

Answer 13

The increasing integration of economies and societies and breaking down of traditional barriers around the world allowing movement of goods, capital, people and information.

Question 14

Lympstone, East Devon and Toxteth, Liverpool - The demographic face of a local place comparison

Answer 14

The demographic profiles of the communities living in Lympstone and Toxteth are quite different. Lympstone has a top-heavy age structure whereas Toxteth has fewer elderly residents, with the majority of its residents aged between 16 and 64.
It has significantly fewer children than Lympstone. The ethnic profile of the two places helps us to understand how migrations have altered each place.

Question 15

What is meant by ‘place’?

Answer 15

A place can have an objective meaning: something that just is, such as an address, or a set of map co-ordinates. But it can also have a subjective meaning: some aspect of a place that humans have added for whatever reason.

Question 16

Example - What is meant by ‘place’?

Answer 16

10 Downing Street is a fixed location that can be plotted exactly on a map. However, it is also the official residence for the Prime Minister of the UK. As such it represents the focus of political power so has meaning in terms of how this country is governed. It also has a political meaning internationally as heads of government from overseas visit the PM there.

Question 17

What is meant by ‘space’?

Answer 17

‘Space’ is different from ‘place’. Space exists between places and does not have the meanings that places do. However, one person’s ‘space’ might be another person’s ‘place’, e.g. The North Atlantic Ocean is a workplace to deep-sea fishermen.

Question 18

The perception of place

Answer 18

We do not see the world around us in the same way as others. How we experience the world influences our perceptions of it.

Question 19

Factors influencing perceptions

Answer 19

-Age
-Gender
-Sexuality
-Religion
-Role

Question 20

Factors influencing perceptions definition

Answer 20

Perception is an individual thing so people’s personal characteristics influence how they see the world. Key factors that influence perceptions can include age, gender, sexuality, religion and role in society.
This last factor is closely related to education and socio-economic status.

Question 21

Age (Factors influencing perceptions)

Answer 21

People’s perceptions change as they get older. Think of how perceptions of the same place, a local park for example, might alter through time. Page 148.
Many people move through a ‘life cycle’ that involves changing their residence and therefore where they might live.

Question 22

Life cycle

Answer 22

The process that involves changing their residence and therefore where they might live. Such moves are often associated with changes to income or family size.

Question 23

Gender (Factors influencing perceptions)

Answer 23

In different societies, the roles men and women have are reflected in the way the two groups can move around and the types of places they can use.
Traditionally, many places have been defined as being ‘male’ or ‘female’.

Question 24

Sexuality (Factors influencing perceptions)

Answer 24

Sexuality can influence the way in which people use places. As the acceptance of different sexual orientations becomes more widespread, some places acquire a meaning because they are where lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender groups (LGBT) tend to cluster.

Question 25

Religion (Factors influencing perceptions)

Answer 25

People have given locations spiritual meanings for millennia. Some natural landscape features are sacred to certain human groups. The giant mass of sandstone Uluru (Ayers Rock) in the centre of Australia has a major role in the in Aboriginal creation stories.

Question 26

Role (Factors influencing perceptions)

Answer 26

Each of us performs a variety of roles at different times. For example, as a sixth former, you are a student for much of the time.
The role we have at any one time can influence our perceptions of a location and how we behave. As we go through life we gain and lose roles as we change, so do our attitudes and our perceptions of places.

Question 27

The influence of emotional attachment to place

Answer 27

People remember places in many different ways. Memory is a personal thing because our experiences are unique to us. Our memories are also highly selective: we remember some things and forget others. If we have positive experiences of a place we are likely to have strong emotional attachments to that place and vice versa. It is not just our personal experiences that influence how we feel about places. Memory and feelings are also social.

Question 28

Globalisation (How globalisation and time-space compression can influence a sense of place)

Answer 28

Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world, economically, socially, politically and culturally.
In terms of a sense of place, it is a set of forces that are changing the ways in which people experience and understand places, both familiar and unfamiliar. As with many changes, different places and people are affected in different ways by globalisation.

Question 29

‘Global village’ (How globalisation and time-space compression can influence a sense of place)

Answer 29

The term ‘global village’ is used to convey the idea that the world has become smaller, not in a physical sense but because of its greater inter-connectedness. Communications and the flow of goods are quicker and more reliable than ever before. Capital moves around the globe at the press of a key. More people travel further and with increasing frequency.

Question 30

Winners and losers (How globalisation and time-space compression can influence a sense of place)

Answer 30

Advantages from time-space compression are not available equally to all people. For those who are able to manipulate time-space compression to their own advantage, their sense of place probably does fit the idea of the ‘global village’.
However, there are those who are not able to gain much from the shrinking of the world and who are more controlled than controlling.

Question 31

Ways of representing place

Answer 31

Informal ways of representing place (e.g. Television, film, music, art, photography, literature, graffiti and blogs).
-Formal ways of representing places (e.g. Census, road network, the location of victims of Ebola or the distribution of different soil types).

Question 32

Ways of representing place definition

Answer 32

The way in which a place is represented by the media influences how we feel about that place. Media agencies can be divided into formal and informal categories.
The best-known formal agency is a census. The informal category includes a great diversity of media such as television, film, music and art.

Question 33

Informal ways of representing places (Ways of representing place)

Answer 33

Television and film play major roles in representing place offering sounds as well as sights. The lens of the camera can give different views of places.

Question 34

Formal ways of representing places (Ways of representing place)

Answer 34

-Census
-Representing rural places

Question 35

Formal ways of representing places definition (Ways of representing place)

Answer 35

Vast quantities of data are collected and stored, much of it spatial. Such data are invaluable in representing places, allowing them to be described and investigated.

Question 36

Census (Formal ways of representing places (Ways of representing place))

Answer 36

In 1801 England and Wales held its first census of population. Thereafter the census was completed every ten years, continuing without a break (apart from in 1941).
The basic source of data is the household. A household is defined as: one person living alone, or a group of people (not necessarily related) living at the same address who share facilities.
Up-to-date census data are an essential element for government planning and the allocation of resources to areas, such as schools, health care facilities and housing.

Question 37

Representing rural places (Formal ways of representing places (Ways of representing place))

Answer 37

The conventional view is that rural communities possess a number of characteristics that distinguish them from urban places:
-Closely knit, supportive community where everyone knows everyone else.
-More conservative and traditional in views.
-More homogeneous ethnically.
-Less mobility, both spatially and socially.