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Bio 201 > 50% Final > Flashcards

50% Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Unlimited resources

A

Competition does not occur

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2
Q

Population experience an exponential growth

A

Unlimited resources

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3
Q

Population experiences a logistic growth (moving toward carrying capacity K)

A

Limited resources

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4
Q

Conditions which a species actually lives under (niches it is found in the real world) , due to biotic interaction such as predation and competition (aka actual habitats of the species)

A

Realized niche

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5
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

States that no two species can co-exist in exactly the same niche. One species will drive the other to extinction

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6
Q

Comprehensive set of all
Potential habitats for a species; the set of environmental conditions under which an organism could potentially survive in the absence of other species

A

Fundamental niche

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7
Q

Look at lotka volterra on google doc

A

Yay

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8
Q

Herbivory

A

Animals eat plants

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9
Q

Parasitism

A

Parasite gains at host’s expense

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10
Q

Parasitoid

A

Larvae live as parasites that eventually kill their host

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11
Q

Predation

A

Animals eat other animals

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12
Q

Prey and predator cycles

As prey density increases (peaks), predator population……

A

Also increases

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13
Q

Prey and predator cycles

As predator density increases (peaks), prey population…..

A

Decreases

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14
Q

Prey and predator cycles

What causes thee prey density to increase again?

A

The predator population will die from starvation

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15
Q

List the 6 limitations of Lotka-Volterra model:

A

No crowding

Equal chance encounter between prey and predator

Prey is the only food for predator

Predation is the only major cause of prey death

No handling time

No immigration or emigration

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16
Q

A population is controlled by the tropic levels above it (predator it exploiter)

A

Top down regulation

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17
Q

Bottom up regulation

A

A population is controlled by the trophic level below it (i.e. By resource availability)

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18
Q

Transmitter species responds to initiator species by altering phenotype; this trait change alters it’s interaction with receiver species

A

Trait-mediated indirect interactions

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19
Q

Initiator species causes s change in the density of the transmitter species; this change in density directly impacts the receiver species

A

Density-mediated indirect interaction

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20
Q

Have large effects on identity and diversity of other species in community because of abundance/large biomass

A

Foundation species

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21
Q

Predators in a food web suppress the abundance or alter the behavior of prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation

A

Trophic cascade

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22
Q

Have large effects in community, despite lower abundance, because of strong interactions

A

Keystone species

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23
Q

Predict how an addition of a top predator would cascade down to affect lower trophic levels.

A
  • Top predator would increase as it preyed on 3rd level
  • carnivore (3rd level) would decrease as they were preyed on
  • herbivore (2nd level) would increase as a result of carnivores decreasing
  • primary producers (1st level) would decrease due to increase in herbivore
24
Q

Sequential change in a community over time

A

Succession

25
Q

High intensity, catastrophic disturbance. Removes all traces of previous communities including roots, seeds, and soil

A

Primary succession

26
Q

Low intensity (forest fires) not catastrophic. Some species remains

A

Secondary succession

27
Q

What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession

A

In the secondary succession the population is not reverted all the way back to zero

28
Q

Make chart of early successional vs late successional

A

Google doc

29
Q

No interaction between late and early successional species

A

Tolerance

30
Q

Early species make it harder for late species

A

Inhibition

31
Q

Pioneer species arrive early and make it easier for late arriving species

A

Facilitation

32
Q

How much the community changes due to a particular disturbance (communities change less)

A

Resistance

33
Q

Ability of community to recover and resemble pre disturbance community’s

A

Resilience

34
Q

Time it takes for a community to return to equilibrium after disturbance

A

Return time

35
Q

A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depends, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically

A

Keystone species

36
Q

Ecological status of the the keystone species may not be able to tolerate additional reduction in its population through harvesting

A

Limitations

37
Q

5 reasons for potential impacts of biodiversity loss

A 
1 climate change 
2 over exploitation 
3 deforestation and habitat loss
4 pollution
5 invasive species
38
Q

Smaller islands have _ _ rates than larger islands because of _ _

A

Higher extinction rates

Less resources

39
Q

Islands ___ the mainland have higher immigration rates

A

Near

40
Q

The island with the fewest species will be one that is ____ and _____

A

Far from mainland and small

41
Q

Immigration rates ___ with more species added

A

Decreases

42
Q

Extinction rates ____ increase with more species added

A

Increases

43
Q

Practices drawing immigration and extinction curves

A

Sakai

44
Q

Species richness is ____ near the equator and __ at the poles

A

Higher

Lower

45
Q

4 contributing factors to biodiversity

A

1 climate
2 geographic area
3 isolation
4 evolutionary history

46
Q

Anybody ice benefits that ecosystems provide to humans

A

Ecosystem services

47
Q

List 4 ecosystem services

A

Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Supporting

48
Q

Benefits derived from the regulation of ecosystem processes

A

Regulating

49
Q

Nonmaterial benefits people gain from ecosystems

A

Cultural

50
Q

Ecosystem processes necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services

A

Supporting

51
Q

Ecosystem goods directly consumed by the people

A

Provisioning

52
Q

Competition occurs

A

Limited resource

53
Q

K selected species

A

Long lives low reproductive rate

54
Q

R selected species

A

High reproductive rate

Short lived

55
Q

List 5 characteristic of pioneer species

A 
Fast growing 
Efficient nutrient uptake
Rapid dispersal 
R selected 
Short generation time
56
Q

List 5 characteristics of late successional environments

A 
Slower growth
Slower to mature 
Larger individual biomass
Strong competitors 
K selected
57
Q

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

A

When ecological disturbance is neither too rare or frequent local species diversity is maximized

Bio 201 (3 decks)

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