Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANTHRO 206 Lab > 5: Zooarchaeology > Flashcards

5: Zooarchaeology Flashcards

1
Q

What is zooarchaeology and its purpose

A
  • the study of animal remains from archaeological sites
  • identifies species and quantities
  • investigates human-animal interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are faunal remains, assemblage, element, speciment and reference collection

A
  • faunal remains: animal remains from archaeological sites
  • assemblage: all of the artifacts and faunal remains recovered from a site
  • reference collection: fauna. remains of animals used for identification
  • element: specific, complete individual bone. Ex: rib, humerus, vertebra
  • Speciment: individual faunal piece in an assemblage. May be a whole bone or a bone fragment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is burial and commingled

A
  • Burial: intentional
  • commingle: multiple individuals and species mixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How to Identify Faunal Specimens

A
  1. Species
  2. Element
  3. Age
  4. Potential Modifications
  5. Quantities in Assemblage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is taxonomy and how is it used

A
  • Taxon: a group of related organisms within a scientific classification
  • Identify the taxonomy –> DKPCOFGS

Da King Phillip Came Over France Good Shit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Different Classes

A
  • Mollusca
  • Osteichthyes
  • Reptilia
  • Aves
  • Mammalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Class Mollusca

A
  • the mollusks
  • invertebrates
  • live in hard shells made of proteins and calcium carbonate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Class Osteichthyes

A
  • bony fishes
  • thin, light, platy bones
  • Often translucent and concave surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Class Reptilia

A
  • turtle shells
  • lots of vertebrae
  • ball and socket surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Class Aves

A
  • light weight thin walled bones
  • semi hollow with web like struts
  • smooth, glossy and may appear greasy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Class Mammalia

A
  • thick walled bones
  • smooth, woody exterior
  • dense, spongy interior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can archaeologists perform species level identifications

A
  • comparative collections
  • bone guide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to identify the element

A
  • describing fragmentary remains called siding
  • Side: right or left side. Axial: bones in the midline of the body
  • Portion: proximal: closer to the mass of the body. Distal: farther from the mass of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

appendicular and axial skeleton

A

appendicular: forelimbs/arms, hindlimbs/legs, scapula, pelvis
axial: vertebrae and skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ways to identify the age

A
  • dentition
  • growth structures
  • epiphyseal fusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dentition

A
  • identifies age
  • dental development: mammals have two setes of teeth: deciduous and adult
  • dental eruption patterns: exasct age (juveniles) and relative age
17
Q

Growth structures

A
  • identifies age
  • incremental growth structures: horns and antlers that develop at a set rate and is use to precisely age individuals
18
Q

Epiphyseal Fusion

A
  • identifies age
  • epiphyseal fusion: bones of all vertebrates develop at a set rate according to species
  • structure from top to bottom: proximal epiphysis –> diaphysis –> distial epiphysis
  • juvenile: epiphysis not fused
  • young adult: can see fusion line
  • adult: no fusion line
19
Q

Types of natural and cultural modifications

A
  1. Natural modifications
    * carnivore gnawing
    * rodent gnawing
  2. Cultural modifications
    * cutmarks
    * bone implements
    * grinding
    * perforation/drilling

burned bone: can be natural or cultural cannot tell

20
Q

Natural modifications

A
  1. Carnivore gnawing: pits, U shaped scratches, punctures
  2. Rodent gnawing: parallel channels
21
Q

Natural modifications

A
  1. Rodent gnawing: parallel channels
  2. Cutmarks: V shaped and appear in clusters
  3. Bone implements: tools, for personal use, scoring, boring holes. Ex: grinding (smooth edges) and perforation/drilling
22
Q

Burned Bone

A
  • can be cultural or natural
  • impossible to tell
23
Q

Quantify the Assemblage

A
  1. NISP: number of identified specimens
  2. MNI: minimum number of individuals
24
Q

NISP

A
  • number of identified specimens
  • ount the total number of speciments in the assemblage
25
Q

MNI

A
  • minimum number of individuals
  • estimates the minimum number of individual animals a given faunal assemblage could represent
  • assumes each specimen is a diferent individual
  • count based on element frequency
  • sort elements by species/type and side
  • identify most frequent element and side

ANTHRO 206 Lab (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions