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Stalin > 5 year plans (industrialisation) > Flashcards

5 year plans (industrialisation) Flashcards

1
Q

What were Stalin’s 3 economic aims?
(to be achieved through rapid industrialisation)

A

he wanted:
- to create a modern economy, focusing on heavy industry + mechanical farming
- to compete with the west and eventually overtake them
- the USSR to be economically self-sufficient, in order to prepare for war

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2
Q

Failings of the NEP - 5 points
(another reason for rapid industrialisation)

A
  • forced grain seizures stopped
  • peasants sold excess grain for profit
  • small businesses + factories could be privately owned
  • only largest insustires controlled by the state
  • all this is not very communist!
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3
Q

Ideological reasoning for rapid industrialisation - 3 points

A
  • RI promised to get rid of class enemies and capitalism
  • Marxist theory suggest that communism can only thrive in a highly advanced economy
  • USSR was mainly rural, RI needed to turn peasants into workers, only then communism would work
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4
Q

Why did Stalin have a fear of invasion?

A

Civil War showed how hostile other nations were

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5
Q

What was happening in Britain that increased the need for industrialisation? (3 points)

A
  • Br gov accused Soviet officials of spreading revolutionary propoganda
  • Br gov searched the Soviet trade mission in London
  • Br gov broke off diplomatic relations
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6
Q

What was happening in China that increased the need for industrialisation?

A

There was civil war between the communists and nationalists, so USSR -1 ally

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7
Q

What was happening in Poland that increased the need for industrialisation?

A

Soviet diplomat assassinated in Poland

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8
Q

What were Stalin’s political motives for industrialisation?
(4 points)

A
  • divided politcial opponents on the right wing
  • finished Bukharin
  • called RI the ‘second revolution’
  • improved his authority
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9
Q

What does gosplan mean and what did it do?

A

Means ‘state committee for planning’ + was in charge of the 5 year plans

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10
Q

Change in amount of people working at gosplan fact

A

1924 - staff of 34
Under Stalin - 500,000 officials

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11
Q

First plan - date and aims

A

1928-32
- to expand heavy industry

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12
Q

First plan successes
(3 points)

A
  • economy grew 14% each year
  • coal and iron output doubled
  • steel production increased by 1/3
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13
Q

First plan failures
(4 points)

A
  • living + working standards declined dramatically
  • lack of skilled workers
  • poor quality products
  • targets were unrealistic so not met
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14
Q

Second plan - dates and aims

A

1933-37
- to expand heavy industry
- to develop chemical industry
- make some consumer goods
- improve road, rail, canal transport links

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15
Q

Second plan successes
(4 points)

A
  • new transport schemes e.g. Moscow Metro and Moscow Canal
  • more realistic targets set
  • big advances in heavy industry
  • gains made in chemical industry
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16
Q

Second plan failures
(1 point)

A
  • consumer industries received little investment
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17
Q

Third plan - dates and aims

A

1938-41
- expand heavy industry
- increase armament production

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18
Q

Why was the third plan cut short?

A

The Nazi invasion of the USSR in June 1941

19
Q

Third plan successes
(3 points)

A
  • by 1940 1/3 of GDP spent on defence
  • basis of a powerful arms industry
  • 9 new aircraft factories
20
Q

Third plan failures
(2 points)

A
  • plan cut short by Nazi invasion
  • struggled because purges meant many experienced factory managers were in the gulag
21
Q

What was Alexei Stakhanov famous for?

A

Mined 102 tonnes of coal in 6 hours , this was 14x the average

22
Q

What were the benefits of becoming a stakhanovite?
(4 points)

A
  • new flats
  • higher wages
  • bigger rations
  • holidays
23
Q

How many workers became Stakhanovites?

A

1/4 of workers became stakhanovites

24
Q

Problems of the stakhanovite movement?
(4 points)

A
  • recordmania
  • stakhanovite became a term used for self-centered people
  • unpopular with normal workers
  • pushed other worker’s wages down
25
Q

The truth behind stakhanovites

A
  • it was a lie
  • it was a publicity stunt
  • Alexei had helpers and state of the art equipment
26
Q

Successes of industrialisation
(7 points)

A
  • unemployment vanished
  • heavy industry
  • coal
  • electricity
  • transport
  • Magnitogorsk
  • armaments
27
Q

Unemployment fact - s

A

everyone had a job, cheap meals in factory canteens

28
Q

Heavy industry fact - s

A

in 12 years oil output doubled, coal iron elec steel production multiplied

29
Q

Coal fact - s

A

from 35 million tonnes
to 150 million tonnes

30
Q

Electricity fact - s

A

from 18 million tonnes
to 90 million tonnes

31
Q

Transport fact - s

A

goods were tranported more effectively e.g. Moscow Metro + Canal

32
Q

Magnitogorsk fact - s

A

Largest steel plant in the world

33
Q

Armaments fact - s

A

created modern industry, crucial in defeating the Nazis

34
Q

Failures of industrialisation’
(10 points)

A
  • planning
  • quality
  • stay
  • waste
  • unrealistic targets
  • weeks
  • showpiece projects
  • safety
  • housing shortage
  • consumer goods
35
Q

Planning fact - f

A

poor so many items decayed

36
Q

Quality fact - f

A

quantity was prioritised over quality so quality was poor

37
Q

Stay fact - f

A

average worker stayed only 82 days

38
Q

Waste fact - f

A

high levels of waste

39
Q

Unrealistic targets fact - f

A

managers lied about targets and bribed workers as failure could result in imprisonment

40
Q

Weeks fact - f

A

workers worked 7 day weeks

41
Q

Showpiece projects fact - f

A

they were built by prisoners, to build the white sea canal 100,000 used and 12,000 died

42
Q

Safety fact - f

A

safety was ignored, accidents were common

43
Q

Housing shortage fact - f

A

housing shortages were a major issue

44
Q

Consumer goods fact - f

A

1928-41 there was a massive shortage e.g. clothes, shoes + furniture, people queued for hours when there any available

Stalin (5 decks)

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