5: Trauma, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Question 1

Major stress hormone of the body

Answer 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) leading to cortisol release

Question 2

Prevalence of PTSD

Answer 2

Lifetime - 6.8%, Current Year - 3.5%

Question 3

Criteria of PTSD (6)

Answer 3

1. Exposure to event
2. Intrusion symptoms
3. Avoidance symptoms
4. Arousal and reactivity symptoms
5. Alterations in cognition and mood
6. Duration greater than 1 month

Question 4

Examples of groups with elavated prevalence of PTSD

Answer 4

Veterans, rape victims, breast cancer patients

Question 5

Special type of PTSD with disconnection to self

Answer 5

PTSD with prominent dissociative symptoms

Question 6

Vulnerability factors for PTSD

Answer 6

Biology, psychology, characteristics of event, and social factors

Question 7

Risk of PTSD with cortisol

Answer 7

Lower cortisol = higher risk

Question 8

Treatments for PTSD (4)

Answer 8

1. Trauma-focused Cog-Behav Therapy
2. Stress-management/Relaxation Therapy
3. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
4. Biological Treatments (SSRI and benzodiazepines)

Question 9

Components of Trauma-focused CBT for PTSD (4)

Answer 9

1. Psychoeducation
2. Anxiety Management
3. Exposure
4. Cognitive Restructuring

Question 10

Treatment for those unable to tolerate exposure to PTSD event

Answer 10

Stress-inoculation therapy (targets stress management and effects of PTSD)

Question 11

EMDR

Answer 11

Processes distressing memories to reduce their impact using bilateral sensory input

Question 12

Specific Phobia Criteria (5)

Answer 12

1. Fear or anxiety about specific object or situation
2. Stimuli provokes immediate fear or anxiety
3. Avoidance or enduring stimuli
4. Reaction out of proportion
5. Lasts longer than 6 months

Question 13

Categories of Specific Phobias (5)

Answer 13

1. Animal
2. Natural environment
3. Blood-injection-injury
4. Situational
5. Other

Question 14

Fear of places/situations that they might have trouble escaping or getting help

Answer 14

Agoraphobia

Question 15

Best theory of phobias

Answer 15

Created by classical conditioning, reinforced by operant conditioning

Question 16

Evolutionarily-selected rapid conditioning

Answer 16

Prepared classical conditioning

Question 17

Treatments for phobias

Answer 17

• Behavioral therapy using exposure and desensitization

- Applied tension technique for blood-injection-injury phobias to avoid fainting

Question 18

Social Anxiety Disorder Criteria (4)

Answer 18

1. Fear or anxiety about social situations where exposure to scrutiny is possible
2. Fear of showing anxiety symptoms
3. Avoidance symptoms
4. Lasts longer than 6 months

Question 19

Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 19

-CBT exposure therapy

Question 20

Panic Disorder Criteria (2)

Answer 20

1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks

2. Maladaptive behavior for at least 1 month after attack

Question 21

Brain area associated with panic disorder

Answer 21

Locus ceruleus (of the brain stem)

Question 22

The unfounded belief that bodily symptoms have harmful consequences

Answer 22

Anxiety Sensitivity

Question 23

A heightened awareness of bodily cues

Answer 23

Interoceptive Awareness

Question 24

The process of interpreting bodily cues as indicators of panic attacks

Answer 24

Interoceptive Conditioning

Question 25

Association of certain situations with panic symptoms leading to avoidance of the situations

Answer 25

Conditioned Avoidance Response

Question 26

Treatments for Panic Disorder

Answer 26

- Biological (SSRIs, Tricyclics, Benzodiazepines) | - CBT (Panic Control Therapy)

Question 27

CBT for Panic Disorder

Answer 27

1. Teach relaxation techniques 2. Identify catastrophic cognitions 3. Teach application of relaxation/accurate interpretations 4. Systematic sensitization

Question 28

GAD Criteria (3)

Answer 28

1. Anxiety and worry occurring most days for 6 months 2. Unable to control worry 3. Physical symptoms from anxiety

Question 29

Theory of GAD

Answer 29

-Elevated experience of negative emotions and fear associated from those emotions

Question 30

Treatments for GAD

Answer 30

- CBT | - Biological (SSRIs, Tricyclics, Benzodiazepines)

Question 31

Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria (2)

Answer 31

1. Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from an attached individual 2. Lasts more than 4 weeks in children and more than 6 months in adults

Question 32

Common trait in Separation Anxiety Disorder

Answer 32

Behavioral inhibition (retreat from novel situations)

Question 33

Treatments for Separation Anxiety Disorder

Answer 33

- CBT | - Biological (SSRIs, Benzodiazepines)

Question 34

OCD Criteria (2)

Answer 34

1. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both | 2. Symptoms are time-consuming (1 hr/day) or distressing

Question 35

People feel they must engage in compulsions to...

Answer 35

...reduce anxiety

Question 36

Special type of compulsion to keep possessions

Answer 36

Hoarding

Question 37

Hair-pulling disorder

Answer 37

Trichotillomania

Question 38

State of alarm in response to vague sense of future threat

Answer 38

Anxiety

Question 39

Body Dismorphic Disorder

Answer 39

Preoccupation with imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance

Question 40

Facts that make sense in light of a person's nature

Answer 40

Egosyntonic

Question 41

Facts that don't make sense in light of a person's nature

Answer 41

Egodystonic

Question 42

Prevalence of anxiety disorders

Answer 42

(1 year) 20%-30% (lifetime)

Question 43

Brain area related to OCD

Answer 43

Basal ganglia

Question 44

Treatments for OCD (2)

Answer 44

1. Biological (SSRIs, Deep Brain Stimulation) | 2. Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

Question 45

ERP

Answer 45

- Develop hierarchy of stressful events (SUDS 1-100 scale) - Prolonged exposure to stimuli - Block rituals - Correct cognitions