5 - Social Positions and Interactions Flashcards
1
Q
Status
A
- A recognized social position that an individual occupies.
- Contributes to a person’s social identity.
- Imposes responsibilities and expectations that defines that person’s relationships to others
2
Q
Status set
A
- Collection of statuses people have over a lifetime
- (e.g. daughter, mother, wife)
- Statuses and our status set change as we age
3
Q
Achieved status
A
- A status you entered at some stage of your life; you weren’t born into it
- E.g. academic standing
4
Q
Ascribed status
A
- A status one is born into or enters
involuntarily - E.g. daughter, son, cancer survivor)
5
Q
Example of statuses that are both ascribed and achieved
A
Citizenship
6
Q
Social mobility
A
- Determines the degree to which your status is achieved or ascribed (e.g.,
castes system in South Asia). - It is the extent to which people’s social and economic statuses can change.
7
Q
Is sexual orientation ascribed or achieved
A
Ascribed
8
Q
Master status
A
- Dominates all an individual’s statuses in most social contexts.
- Plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual’s social identity
- E.g. Gender, race, occupation
9
Q
Status consistency
A
- The condition a person experiences when all their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy
- E.g. Male, white, british, rich, heterosexual
10
Q
Staus inconsistency
A
- Result of marginalisation
- Process by which groups are assigned into categories that set them
- Occurs when a person holds social statuses that are ranked differently and do not align
11
Q
Role
A
- Set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status
12
Q
Role set
A
- Refers to all the roles that are attached to a particular status
- e.g. Professors play role of teachers, colleagues, employees
13
Q
Role strain
A
- Develops when there is a conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status
- E.g. Student catching classmate cheating
14
Q
Role conflict
A
- Occurs when a person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statuses they hold.
- E.g., conflicting demands of being a mother and a student
15
Q
Role exit
A
- The process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and attempting to establish a new role
- Involves shifting ones master status
- E.g. Divorce, death
16
Q
Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe
A
Pecking order
17
Q
Charles Cooley
A
Looking glass self
18
Q
Definition of the situation
A
- Experiences and respond accordingly.
- Must study these definitions to understand individual action
19
Q
Thomas theorem
A
Situations we define as real become real in their consequences
20
Q
Interaction process analysis (IPA)
A
Identifies patterns of behaviour such as
dominant / submissive, friendly / unfriendly
21
Q
Social organisation
A
Social and cultural principles around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized
22
Q
Organizational structure
A
Comprised of the principles that are upheld by shared cultural beliefs and maintained through a network of social relations
23
Q
Cosmology
A
An account of the origin and ruling principles of the universe.
24
Q
Study of organisations
A
Started with Max Weber’s work on bureaucracy
25
Organisational ritual
Form of social action where e a group’s values and identity are publicly demonstrated
26
Critical management studies
- Critiques of traditional theories of management have led to the rise of critical management studies.
- Challenge the dominant assumptions of organizations.
- E.g., issues of race, ethnicity, class, or gender.
27
T/F: Female organizational structure are different from traditional male organizational structures.
TRUE
28
Three models of feminist organisations
1. Formal social movement organizations (professionalized,
bureaucratic, inclusive with few demands made on members - women's rights groups)
2. Small groups or collectives (Organized informally, require time, loyalty and material resources from its members - e.g., women’s publishing houses).
3. Service-provider organizations (Combine elements of both formal and small-group organizations - e.g., domestic violence shelters)
29
Four elements of formal rationalisation
- Efficiency
- Quantification
- Predictability
- Control
30
Substantive rationalization
Focuses on values and ethics
31
Formal rationalization
Leads to disenchantment and alienation
32
When did the development of formal rationality begin
During the industrial revolution (Late 18th and early 19th century)
33
Scientific management
- Based on “time-and-motion” studies designed to discover one best way of doing any given job.
- But efficiency standards limit work. processes to single set of repetitive actions, undermining skill development.
34
McDonaldisation
The process by which the [rationalizing] principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world
35
Four elements of formal rationalisation in terms of mcdonaldization
- Efficiency: the streamlined movement in time and effort of people and things through small, repeated tasks.
- Quantification: success is measured by completion of large number of quantifiable tasks.
- Predictability: the “uniformity of rules” and clear expectations.
- Control: hierarchal division of labour and supervision.
36
T/F: The internet allows for an enormous degree of formal rationalization
TRUE
37
What is an individuals social identity shaped by
The intersectional influences of class, race, gender, education, and other determinants
38
