5. Respiratory Diseases

Answer 1

Question 2

1. what is dyspnoea?
2. what is orthopnoea?

Answer 2

1
- shortness of breath

2
- when laying flat
- usu associated with cardiac disease
- left heart failure
~ left side not pumping enough blood
from the heart
~ lungs start to waterlog + drown
~ harder to lie down + patients sre sitting
up even in the middle of the night
~ ask patient ‘do you have shortness of
breath (SOB)’
+ YES = cardiac disease
+ NO = respiratory disease

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNA DYSPNOEA
- awakened by SOB
- as soon as patient wakes up, will need to go to window to get air

Question 3

1. wheeze?
2. stridor?
3. Haemoptysis?

Answer 3

1
- small airway noise
- expiratory = patient struggling to get air out
of lungs
- any cause (typically asthma)

2
- upper airway noise
- build up of fluid in lungs, makes it difficult to get air in lungs
- typ harsh inspiratory sound (eg. laryngeal introitus oedema)

3
- coughing up blood
- eg TB, pneumonias, Ca, pulm, oedema

Question 4

lung function tests?

Answer 4

• PEFR
• FEV
• FVC
• FEV1/ FVC ratio = v important

FVC = max amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after max inhalation

• harder to get air out than in
• scarring of lung tissue = FEV1/FVC is enlarged as FVC is v small

IMAGE

Answer 5

Question 6

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTI)

COMMON COLD
1. cause
2. incubation
3. symptoms
4. how long will it resolve in?

Answer 6

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Question 7

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTI)

SINUSITIS

1. cause
2. age
3. dental link

Answer 7

Question 8

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTI)

RHINITIS

1. what is it
2. what will help

Answer 8

Question 9

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTI)

PHARYNGITIS

1. what is it
2. what will help

Question 10

USE AZ NOTES