5. Respiration

Question 1

2 types of respiration

Answer 1

aerobic (with oxygen)

anaerobic (without oxygen)

Question 2

both types of respiration produce

Answer 2

ATP (although anaerobic produces less)

Question 3

both types of respiration start with the process of

Answer 3

glycolysis (after this stages differ)

Question 4

glycolysis involves

Answer 4

splitting 1 molecule of glucose (6 carbons) into 2 smaller molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons)

Question 5

where does glycolysis happen

Answer 5

in the cytoplasm of cells

Question 6

glycolysis doesnt need

Answer 6

oxygen to take place (anaerobic process,)

Question 7

what are the two stages in glycolysis

Answer 7

phosphorylation and oxidation

Question 8

glycolysis

Answer 8

1. phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate
   2 x ATP -> ATP + Pi
2. splitting of phosphorylated glucose in to 2 triose phosphate
3. oxidation of triose phosphate. hydrogen removed and transferred to NAD to form reduced NAD
4. triose phosphate -> pyruvate
   2 x ADP + Pi -> ATP

Question 9

glycolysis has a net gain of

Answer 9

2 ATP molecules and 2 reduced NAD

Question 10

in anaerobic respiration the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted into

Answer 10

ethanol (plants and yeast)
lactate (animal cells and some bacteria)
Using reduced NAD

Question 11

the production of ethanol or lactate in anaerobic repiration regenerates

Answer 11

oxidised NAD  
(glycolysis can continue even when there isn't O2 so a small amount of ATP can still be produced)