5. Pulmonary Definitions Flashcards
Define breathing.
MECHANICAL, coordinated process of chest wall + lung motion to move air from atm into lungs –> lung expansion + contraction
What is the pattern of normal breathing?
Inhalation –> exhalation –> short pause
Which group of individuals breaths at a faster rate?
Children + babies –> 20-30bpm
What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing?
Crescendo-decrescendo pattern in tidal vol followed by short period of apnea.
Common in pt experiencing:
- Strokes
- Traumatic brain injuries (TBI)
- Brain tumor
- Carbon monoxide
- Metabolic encephalopathy
- Side effect of morphine
What is Biot’s breathing?
Clusters of rapid deep breaths followed by period of apnea
Common in pt. experiencing:
- CVA or trauma to medulla –> herniation of brain
- Prolonged opioid abuse
What is Kussmaul’s breathing?
Labored hyperventilation = deep rapid breaths w/o period of apnea –> body’s attempt at getting rid of acid by removing CO2
Common in pt. experiencing late stage metabolic acidosis (e.g. as from diabetic ketoacidosis)
What is Apneustic breathing?
Breaths of inhalation, long pause, exhalation, long pause , etc.
Common in pt w damage to pons/ breathing center
What is Ataxic breathing?
“Irregularly irregular” –> poor prognosis
Likely medullary injury
What is Agonal breathing?
End-stage breathing pattern: intermittent prolonged pauses followed by clusters of ataxic-type breathing
Commonly found in pt
- At end of life
- When we turn terminate care on pt
- Cerebral ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Anoxia = lack of O2 in blood
- Cardiogenic shock/ arrest
Define ventilation.
EXCHANGE of air b/w lungs + amb. environment
Define gas exchange.
Transfer of gases (CO2 + O2) b/w alveoli + blood across capillary membranes down P gradients
Define respiration.
- Transfer of gas into/out of cells
- Oxidative process within cells where E stored in organic molecules converted into biochemical E for cellular metabolism
