5 Principles Of Water Flashcards
Water can extinguish fire and soul ways it can cool or absorbency from the fire as well as
Smother oxygen from fire
What extinguishing principal may also occur when water converts to steam was in a closed space
Smothering
True false water has greater he absorbing capacity than other common extinguishing agents
True
What are converted to steam occupies approximately how many times its original volume
1700 times
How much does water weigh per gallon
8.3 pounds
Simple measure of weight usually expressed in pounds or kilograms
Force
The speed of fluid travels through hose or pipe is often referred to as
Velocity
The first principle is, pressure is perpendicular to
Any surface on which it acts
Second principal, Fluid pressure at a point in the fluid at rest is the same intensity
In all directions, otherwise used in hydrostatic testing.
Third principle, pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted
equally in all directions
the fourth principal, Pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to
its depth
the fifth principal, Pressure of the liquid and an open vessel is proportionate to the
density of the liquid
Sixth principle, the pressure of a liquid at the bottom of the vessel is independent of
the shape of the vessel
Atmospheric pressure is what at sea level
14.7 psi
Any pressure less than atmospheric
Vacuum
For every foot increase in elevation how many PSI is gained
0.434 psi
To convert head in feet to head pressure you must divide the number of feet by
2.304
Pressure found a new water distribution system during normal consumption demands is considered what
normal operating pressure
All water is flowing from a discharge opening the Ford velocity pressure is considered what
flow pressure
What is used to measure the forward velocity of flow pressure
Pitot gauge
Gain or loss of pressure in a hose line due to change in elevation, a.k.a. elevation loss
Elevation pressure
Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of the hose or pipe
Friction loss
Older hose may have great affection loss than newer because
Older hose is not as smooth on the inside as new or hose
The first friction loss principle states if all of the conditions are the same friction loss varies directly with
The length of hose or pipe
Second principle of friction loss states when hose are the same size friction loss varies approximately with
The square of the increase in velocity of the flow
Force created by rapid deceleration of water, causes violent increase in pressure powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures
Waterhammer
Water supply system that utilizes lateral feeders for improved distribution
Grid system
Part of an overall water supply system that receives the water from the pumping station and delivers it throughout the area to be served
Distribution system
Fire hydrant that receives water from only One Direction is known as
A dead end hydrant
When a fire hydrant receives water from two or more directions it is said to have
Circulating feed or a looped line
Average amount of water used per day on the total amount of water used any water distribution system over the period of one year
The average daily consumption
Maximum total amount of water used during any 24 hour interval within a three-year period
Maximum daily consumption
Maximum amount of water used in any one hour interval over the course of the day
Peak hourly consumption
What is considered to be virtually what
Incompressible
