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US Government > 5: Political Participation > Flashcards

5: Political Participation Flashcards

1
Q

Linkage instutitions

A

Make it possible for citizens to connect with policymakers

  1. Political parties
  2. Interest groups
  3. Elections
  4. Mass media
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2
Q

Rational-choice voting

A

Choosing candidates who best represent personal social, economic, ideological, and religious interests

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3
Q

Retrospective voting

A

Reflect on how candidate/party/administration has performed in recent past

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4
Q

Prospective voting

A

Listen to campaign rhetoric

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5
Q

Voter turnout expressions

A

Percentage of:

1: Eligible voters
2: Registered voters
3. Voting-age population

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6
Q

Voter efficacy

A

Feeling that one’s vote has an impact

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7
Q

Voter turnout: Socioeconomic status

A

Richer tend to vote more frequently than poorer

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8
Q

Voter turnout: Gender

A

Women more likely to vote than men, except older women

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9
Q

Voter turnout: Age

A

Turnout increases with age

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10
Q

Voter turnout: Race

A

Turnout highest among whites

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11
Q

National Voter Registration Act

A

1993

  1. “Motor Voter Act”
  2. Voters can register at the DMV
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12
Q

Help America Vote Act

A

2002

Provides federal funds to states to standardize and modernize voting procedures

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13
Q

Coat-tail effect

A

Tendency for popular political leader to attract votes for candidates of their party

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14
Q

Wave elections

A

Landslides

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15
Q

First Party System

A

Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans

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16
Q

Federalist Party

A
  1. Led by Alexander Hamilton
  2. New England & mid-Atlantic
  3. Robust federal government
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17
Q

Democratic-Republican Party

A
  1. Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
  2. South & frontier states
  3. Individual freedom
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18
Q

Realigning elections

A
  1. Issues change, old parties seem incapable or resolving
  2. Coalition of voters supporting each major party fracture and realign with new party
  3. New party system
  4. AKA critical election theory
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19
Q

Second Party System

A
  1. Federalist Party collapse
  2. Single party emerged - Whigs (National Republicans)
  3. Fractured into Democratic vs Whig (dominant)
20
Q

Democratic Party

A
  1. Led by Andrew Jackson

2. Southern and frontier states

21
Q

Third Party System

A
  1. Whig party collapse, realigned with Democrats
  2. Republic party emerge
  3. Democrats vs Republicans (dominant)
22
Q

Fourth Party System

A
  1. Republican realignment with big business
  2. Democrats seeking reforms
  3. Republican dominant
23
Q

Fifth Party System

A
  1. Great Depression
  2. New Deal Coalition
  3. Democrats dominant
24
Q

Impact of Civil Rights movement on party system

A

Final shift of African-American voters into Democratic camp

25
Q

Dealignment

A
  1. Voters shifting away from parties

2. Growing bloc

26
Q

Main function of parties

A

Formally recruit candidates

27
Q

Types of interest groups

A
  1. Public interest
  2. Business-oriented
  3. Equity interest
  4. Single-issue
28
Q

Public interest groups

A
  1. Non-economic
  2. Benefit entire body politic
  3. Ex: AARP
29
Q

Business-oriented interest groups

A
  1. Economic
  2. Specific industries
  3. Ex: American Bar Association
30
Q

Equity interest groups

A
  1. Non-economic
  2. Advance the cause of a coalition facing discrimination
  3. Ex: NAACP
31
Q

Single-issue interest groups

A
  1. Non-economic
  2. Narrowly-defined goal
  3. Ex: NRA
32
Q

Types of social movements

A
  1. Revolutionary
  2. Resistant
  3. Alternative
  4. Reform
33
Q

Secret ballot

A

Australian ballot

34
Q

Closed primary

A
  1. Must declare party affiliation prior to election day

2. Can only vote in party’s primary

35
Q

Semi-closed primary

A
  1. Same as closed except:

2. Independents can vote either R or D

36
Q

Open primary

A

All voters can choose the primary they want to participate in

37
Q

Blanket primary

A
  1. AKA Louisiana primary
  2. Voters can vote for candidate from either party for every office on the ballot
  3. Not allowed at federal level
38
Q

Hard money

A
  1. Given directly to candidates
  2. $2500 per candidate per cycle (individuals)
  3. $5000 per candidate per cycle (PACs)
39
Q

Soft money

A

Given to parties for “electioneering activities”

40
Q

527s

A
  1. Tax-exempt non-profits
  2. Focus on issue advocacy and voter mobilization
  3. No limits
41
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act

A

1971

Created framework for PACs

42
Q

FECA Amendments

A

1974

Limits on hard money and campaign expenditures

43
Q

McCain-Feingold Act

A

2002

Not much impact - 527 groups and Super PACs used

44
Q

Exceptions to winner take all in Electoral College

A
  1. Maine

2. Nebraska

45
Q

Structural barriers to third parties

A
  1. Limited ballot access
  2. Media coverage
  3. Debate access

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