4. Political Ideologies & Beliefs

Question 1

Political socialization

Answer 1

Transmission of political culture from one generation to the next

Question 2

Political culture

Answer 2

Set of attitudes, beliefs, and values that motivate political processes and behaviors within political system, ex:

1. Liberty
2. Equality
3. Rule of law

Question 3

Salience

Answer 3

High degree of public interest in issue

Question 4

Political ideology

Answer 4

Ex:

1. Liberalism
2. Conservatism
3. Capitalism

Question 5

Core beliefs

Answer 5

Ex:

1. Individualism
2. Free enterprise
3. The American Dream

Question 6

Rule of law

Answer 6

1. Standardization of rules that every person is required to follow
2. Foundation of constitutional government

Question 7

Limited government

Answer 7

Government’s power and authority over its people has limitations

Question 8

Individualism

Answer 8

Every person has the right to live their life as they see fit

Question 9

Collectivism

Answer 9

Society is the primary unit of concern

Question 10

Agents of political socialization

Answer 10

1. Family
2. Friends
3. Education
4. Mass media
5. Religion

Question 11

Equality of opportunity

Answer 11

Regardless of socioeconomic position, everyone should be able to access education, employment, housing, etc

Question 12

Random digit dialing (RDD)

Answer 12

1. Most common means of obtaining scientific sample for decades
2. Has become increasingly expensive

Question 13

Registration-based sampling (RBS)

Answer 13

Taken from voter registration; more efficient

Question 14

Opinion polls

Answer 14

1. Designed to measure the public’s view regarding political topics of interest
2. I.e. Gallup

Question 15

Benchmark polls

Answer 15

1. First used in campaigns

2. Gauge opinions to help develop platform

Question 16

Tracking polls

Answer 16

Measure changes in opinion over time

Question 17

Entrance polls

Answer 17

Taken before voter enters voting booth

Question 18

Exit polls

Answer 18

Taken immediately after voters cast votes

Question 19

Qualities of public opinion

Answer 19

1. Direction
2. Intensity
3. Saliency
4. Fluidity
5. Stability
6. Latency

Question 20

Direction

Answer 20

Trends in answering questions, i.e. left or right

Question 21

Intensity

Answer 21

How strongly people feel about important issues

Question 22

Fluidity

Answer 22

Change in opinion over a short period of time

Question 23

Stability

Answer 23

Consistency of public opnion

Question 24

Latency

Answer 24

Underlying opinions that are not openly expressed but can by triggered by certain actions

Question 25

Social desirability bias

Answer 25

Voters might not be forthright in exit polls

Question 26

Wealth of Nations

Answer 26

1776

1. Adam Smith
2. Humans are self-interested
3. Free market without government intervention

Question 27

Demand-side economics

Answer 27

1. Keynesian economics
2. Inefficiencies in economy produce volatility in aggregate demand
3. Can be addressed using fiscal policy and monetary policy
4. New Deal

Question 28

Demand-side: demand is low

Answer 28

Government should:

1. Spend more
2. Reduce taxes
3. Reduce interest rate

Question 29

Demand-side: inflationary spiral

Answer 29

Government should:

1. Reduce spending
2. Raise taxes
3. Increase interest rates

Question 30

Supply-side economics

Answer 30

1. AKA trickle-down economics
2. Economy is stimulated at the production end
3. Lowering taxes and deregulating induces private businesses to invest more in expansion and modernization
4. Reagan & Bush I

Question 31

Role of the Fed

Answer 31

Use the money supply to support economic stability by controlling inflation and unemployment

Question 32

Federal Open Market Committee

Answer 32

Policymaking body within Fed