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Biology Unit 2 Foundations in Biology > 5 Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

5 Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the CSM (plasma membrane) x6

A
  1. CONTROL THE ENTRY AND EXIT OF MOLECULES
  2. EMBEDDED PROTEINS MAY BE INVOLVED IN TRANSPORT OF MOLECULES ACROSS M, CELL SIGNALLING (RECEPTORS) OR ENZYMES
  3. COMPARTMENTALISE- SEPARATE ORGANELLES FROM EACH OTHER AND CYTOSOL
  4. METABOLISM- ECRs
  5. CONTAINING SPECIFIC CONDITIONS SUCH AS CHEMICAL GRADIENTS AND CONTAINING INCOMPATIBLE REACTIONS
  6. PROTECTING VITAL COMPONENTS
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2
Q

what is cytolysis?

A

A CELL BURSTING (not plant cells due to their cell wall which support their structure)

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3
Q

what is a protoplast?

A

plant, bacterial or fungal cell with the cell wall removed I.E. EVERYTHING INSIDE CELL WALL, EXPANDS AS WATER ENTERS THE CELL

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4
Q

explain the characteristics of a concentrated solution

A 
MORE NEGATIVE (eg. -500 kPA)
LITTLE SOLVENT COMPARED TO SOLUTE 
HIGH SOLUTE CONCENTRATION = HYPERTONIC 
MORE NEGATIVE WATER POTENTIAL 
FEWER FREE MOLECULES LEADS TO WATER MOVING DOWN GRADIENT TO CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
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5
Q

why is it a ‘fluid’ mosaic model?

A

MOLECULES CAN CHANGE PLACE/ MOVE LATERALLY GIVING IT FLEXIBILITY

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6
Q

what can move easily through a plasma membrane?

A

SMALL MOLECULES EG. H2O (polar but small enough to fit through tails) O2 + CO2 (small and non-polar)

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7
Q

what cannot move through a plasma membrane and why?

A

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
CHARGED, POLAR, LARGE MOLECULES
WHICH MOVE THROUGH THE PM BY ION CHANNELS (for ions, which are atoms +/- an electron), PROTEIN PUMPS AND CARRIER PROTEINS (facilitated diffusion)

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8
Q

explain the characteristics of a dilute solution

A 
LESS NEGATIVE (eg. -200 kPA) 
LITTLE SOLUTE COMPARED TO SOLVENT 
LOW SOLUTE CONCENTRATION = HYPOTONIC
LESS NEGATIVE WATER POTENTIAL
MORE FREE MOLECULES LEADS TO WATER MOVING DOWN GRADIENT AWAY FROM DILUTE SOLUTION
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9
Q

what is an isotonic solution?

A

SOLUTION WITH THE SAME WATER POTENTIAL AS THE CELL- REACHED NET EQUILIBRIUM

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10
Q

why is it a ‘mosaic’ ?

A

PROTEINS AND LIPIDS FIT TOGETHER, FORMING OF A PATTERN AND VARY IN SHAPE, SIZE AND POSITION

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11
Q

thickness of plasma membrane

A

7NM ON AVERAGE

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12
Q

when do molecules diffuse across a membrane? (SIMPLE DIFFUSION WITHOUT A MEMBRANE)

A

WHEN THEY MOVE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION,
IF A MOLECULE HAS AN ELECTRIC CHARGE, IT WILL DIFFUSE TO AN AREA OF OPPOSITE CHARGE (OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT)

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13
Q

describe the structure of phospholipid bilayer

A

TWO LAYERS,
HYDROPHILIC EXTERIOR PHOSPHATE HEADS
(GLYCEROL)
HYDROPHOBIC INTERIOR HYDROCARBON TAILS
(2 FATTY ACIDS)
heads point outwards into aqueous medium in the cytoplasm
HEADS ARE CHARGED, TAILS ARE NEUTRAL (REPEL WATER)
Phospholipids that are saturated will fit closely together (straight) and phospholipids that are unsaturated will fit together loosely (bending)

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of a more fluid or PERMEABLE membrane?

A

A LARGE QUANTITY OF UNSATURATED TAILS = MORE BENDING, LESS CLOSE FITTING, MORE GAPS
HIGHER TEMPERATURES = MORE KE = MORE MOVEMENT = MORE GAPS

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15
Q

describe the 5 characteristics of diffusion

A
  1. PASSIVE
  2. ATOMS, SMALLER, NON-POLAR MOLECULES MORE EASILY TRANSPORTED
  3. DIRECTION : DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT TO REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION
  4. ATP NOT NEEDED
  5. PROTEIN MOLECULES NOT NEEDED
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16
Q

what are the two types of membrane protein?

A

INTRINSIC ‘INTEGRAL’- CHANNEL PROTEINS, CARRIER PROTEINS (some have GLYCOPROTEINS attached) are TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS
GLYCOPROTEINS + GLYCOLIPIDS
EXTRINSIC ‘PERIPHERAL’-

17
Q

describe the 5 characteristics of osmosis

A
  1. PASSIVE
  2. WATER TRANSPORTED
  3. DIRECTION: DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT TO REGION OF LOWER WATER POTENTIAL
  4. ATP NOT NEEDED
  5. PROTEIN MOLECULES NOT NEEDED
18
Q

types of intrinsic protein and their function(s)

A

INTRINSIC PROTEINS ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSPORT ACROSS THE MEMBRANE.
THEY HAVE AMINO ACIDS WITH HYDROPHOBIC R GROUPS ON THEIR EXTERNAL SURFACE THAT INTERACT WITH THE HYDROPHOBIC CORE OF THE MEMBRANE TO HOLD THEM IN PLACE

19
Q

describe the 6 characteristics of exocytosis

A
  1. ACTIVE
  2. WASTE IS TRANSPORTED THAT WILL BE EXCRETED, OR HORMONES AND CELL SIGNALS
  3. DIRECTION : OUT OF CELL
  4. ATP NEEDED
  5. PROTEIN MOLECULES NEEDED
  6. USING VESICLES
20
Q

describe the 6 characteristics of exocytosis

A
  1. ACTIVE
  2. WASTE IS TRANSPORTED THAT WILL BE EXCRETED, OR HORMONES AND CELL SIGNALS
  3. DIRECTION : OUT OF CELL
  4. ATP NEEDED
  5. PROTEIN MOLECULES NEEDED
  6. USING SECRETORY VESICLES, USING FORMED BY THE GOLGI APPARATUS, THAT FUSE WITH CSM AND RELEASE CONTENTS OUTSIDE CELL (INVAGINATION OF CSM)
21
Q

describe the 6 characteristics of endocytosis

A

1.

22
Q

describe the 6 characteristics of endocytosis

A
  1. ACTIVE
23
Q

describe the 5 characteristics of endocytosis

A
  1. ACTIVE
  2. DIRECTION : INTO CELL
  3. ATP NEEDED
  4. PROTEIN MOLECULES NOT NEEDED
  5. USING VESICLES
24
Q

what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? (types of endocytosis)

A

PINOCYTOSIS INVOLVES LIQUIDS MOVING INTO THE CELL BY INVAGINATION OF CSM (NARROW CHANNELS) THAT PINCH OFF INTO VESICLES AND MOVES INTO THE CYTOPLASM, TO FUSE WITH LYSOSOMES THAT BREAK DOWN THE CONTENT OF THE VESICLE
PHAGOCYTOSIS

25
Q

what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? (types of endocytosis)

A

PINOCYTOSIS INVOLVES LIQUIDS MOVING INTO THE CELL BY INVAGINATION OF CSM (NARROW CHANNELS) THAT PINCH OFF INTO VESICLES AND MOVES INTO THE CYTOPLASM, TO FUSE WITH LYSOSOMES THAT BREAK DOWN THE CONTENT OF THE VESICLE
PHAGOCYTOSIS IS THE SAME FOR SOLIDS

26
Q

describe the 5 characteristics of endocytosis

A
  1. ACTIVE
  2. DIRECTION : INTO CELL
  3. ATP NEEDED
  4. PROTEIN MOLECULES NOT NEEDED
  5. CONTENT FUSES WITH CELL MEMBRANE (INVAGINATION) AND VESICLES (ENDOSOMES) RELEASED INSIDE CELL
27
Q

what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? (types of endocytosis)

A

PINOCYTOSIS INVOLVES LIQUIDS MOVING INTO THE CELL BY INVAGINATION OF CSM (NARROW CHANNELS) THAT PINCH OFF INTO VESICLES (ENDOSOMES) AND MOVES INTO THE CYTOPLASM, TO FUSE WITH LYSOSOMES THAT BREAK DOWN THE CONTENT OF THE VESICLE
PHAGOCYTOSIS IS THE SAME FOR SOLIDS

28
Q

what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? (types of endocytosis)

A

PINOCYTOSIS INVOLVES LIQUIDS MOVING INTO THE CELL BY INVAGINATION OF CSM (NARROW CHANNELS) THAT PINCH OFF INTO VESICLES (ENDOSOMES) AND MOVES INTO THE CYTOPLASM, TO FUSE WITH LYSOSOMES THAT BREAK DOWN THE CONTENT OF THE VESICLE
PHAGOCYTOSIS IS THE SAME FOR SOLIDS

Biology Unit 2 Foundations in Biology (2 decks)

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