5. oceans and fisheries

Question 1

surface currents

Answer 1

movement of the surface water of the sea in a constant direction

Question 2

prevailing wind

Answer 2

the direction from which the wind nearly always blows in a particular area

Question 3

phytoplankton

Answer 3

small organism in the sea that can make their own food and upon which almost all other sea creatures depend for their food

Question 4

euphotic zone

Answer 4

the top 200m or so of seawater through which light can penetrate and in which photosynthesis can happen

Question 5

upwelling

Answer 5

areas where minerals at the ocean floor are brought to the surface by currents

Question 6

over fishing

Answer 6

when the number of fish that is caught is greater than the rate at which the fish reproduce leading to a fall in fish numbers in an area

Question 7

el nino southern oscillations (ENSO)

Answer 7

the change in the prevailing winds that leads to a change in the pattern of currents in the oceans of the south Pacific

Question 8

bycatch

Answer 8

animals caught by fishers that are not the intended target of their fishing effort

Question 9

economic exclusion zone

Answer 9

the zone around a country’s coastline that is under the control of that country

Question 10

quota

Answer 10

the legal limit on the amount of fish that can be caught