4. water and its management

Question 1

evaporation

Answer 1

the process in which liquid water turns into vapour

Question 2

condensation

Answer 2

the process in which water vapour turns into liquid water

Question 3

precipitation

Answer 3

the process in which liquid water or ice particles fall to earth due to gravity

Question 4

transpiration

Answer 4

the movement of water up plants and its subsequent loss as water vapor from their leaves

Question 5

surface run-off

Answer 5

process by which water runs over the ground into rivers

Question 6

interception

Answer 6

process by which precipitation is stopped from reaching the ground surface by the presence of trees and other plants

Question 7

infiltration

Answer 7

process by which infiltrated water seeps into the ground

Question 8

groundwater flow

Answer 8

process by which infiltrated water flows through rock

Question 9

through flow

Answer 9

process by which infiltrated water flows through soil

Question 10

surface water

Answer 10

water in lakes rivers swamps

Question 11

groundwater

Answer 11

water in soil and in rocks under the surface of the ground

Question 12

aquifer

Answer 12

water stored in porous rocks under the ground

Question 13

reservoir

Answer 13

an artificial lake where water can be stored

Question 14

service reservoir

Answer 14

a reservoir in which potable water is stored

Question 15

water tower

Answer 15

a type of reservior where potable water is stored for immediate use

Question 16

water tower

Answer 16

a type of reservoir where potable water is stored for immediate use

Question 17

cistern

Answer 17

a vessel in which water,usually potable, is stored, forming a type of covered reservoir

Question 18

well

Answer 18

a hole bored or dug into rock to reach the water stored there

Question 19

artesian aquifer

Answer 19

an aquifer in which the water is under pressure

Question 20

distillation

Answer 20

the purification of liquid by boiling a solution so that the liquid evaporates and can be collected when it condenses at a lower temp

Question 21

reverse osmosis

Answer 21

the purification of water by pumping it at high pressure through a fine membrane

Question 22

physical water scarcity

Answer 22

a situation in which there is simply not enough water for human needs

Question 23

economic water scarcity

Answer 23

a situation in which there is enough water available but the money does not exist to extract and treat it enough for human needs

Question 24

sewage

Answer 24

waste matter that is carried away in sewers or drains from domestic establishments

Question 25

vector

Answer 25

an organism that carries a disease-producing organism

Question 26

effluent

Answer 26

a discharge of liquid waste

Question 27

chlorination

Answer 27

adding chlorine based substance to water

Question 28

bioaccumulation

Answer 28

the build-up of a substance in the body of a living thing

Question 29

dieback

Answer 29

the death of a tree or shrub that starts at the tip of its leaves or roots and spreads towards the centre of the plant, caused by unfavourable environmental conditions or disease

Question 30

leaching

Answer 30

the movement of a soluble chemical or mineral away from soil usually caused by the action of rainwater

Question 31

algal bloom

Answer 31

the rapid growth of algae in water caused particularly by a surge of nutrients