5. metabolic acidosis

Question 1

normal concentration range of blood HCO3

Answer 1

24-26 mmol/L

Question 2

normal anion gap?

Answer 2

10-18mmol/L

Question 3

what are the causes of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap?

Answer 3

> lactic acid: shock, infection, tissue ischaemia
urate: renal failure
ketones: diabetes, alcohol
drugs or toxins: salicyclates, biguanides, ethylene glycol, methanol

Question 4

what are the causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

Answer 4

renal tubular acidosis
diarrhoea
drugs - acetazolamide
addison's disease
pancreatic fistula
ammonium chloride ingestion