5. Medical Calculations

Question 1

Basic SI units of mass, volume, moles and molarity

Answer 1

g | L (or) cm^3 | mol | mol/L (or) mol/dm^3 = M

Question 2

Moles

Answer 2

An amount which contains the number of atoms in 12g of carbon 12.

Question 3

Molarity/Molar concentration

Answer 3

moles of solute / volume of solution

Question 4

Osmolarity

Answer 4

Total number of dissolved particles (osmol) in a litre of SOLUTION.

Osmol (mol) / volume of solution (L)

Question 5

Osmolality

Answer 5

Total number of dissolved particles per unit mass.

Osmol (mol) / mass of SOLVENT (g/kg)

Question 6

Iso-osmolar

Answer 6

When the number of dissolved particles on both sides of the semi-permeable membranes are the same. There is no net movement of particles.

Question 7

Hypo-osmolar

Answer 7

The area of lower solute concentration compared to the other area separated by a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 8

Hyper-osmolar

Answer 8

The area of higher solute concentration compared to the other area separated by a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

A solution that has greater osmolarity than intracellular fluid. Water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 10

Hypotonic

Answer 10

A solution that has lower osmolarity than intracellular fluid. Water moves into the cell, causing the cell to expand and past a certain limit, burst.

Question 11

Isotonic

Answer 11

A solution that has equal osmolarity with the intracellular fluid. There is no net movement of solutes/particles.