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5 Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

composed of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen (CHO)

A

Lipids and lipoproteins

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2
Q

(T or F)
There are times carbon and hydrogen is enough. Sometimes, with oxygen.

A

T

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3
Q

(T or F)
The three elements are also present in the other
biomolecules (carbohydrates, nucleic acid and
protein), including the enzymes

A

T

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4
Q

Are commonly referred to as FATS

A

LIPIDS

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5
Q

LIPIDS are composed mainly of ______

A

C-H bonds

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6
Q

Composed mainly of C-H bonds, sometimes it has ___

A

oxygen

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7
Q

Primarily, this is the composition in the cell membrane

A

Lipids

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8
Q

Cell membrane is composed of _____ (which is
basically lipids) bilayer

A

phospholipid

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9
Q

Functions of Lipids

A
  • Storing energy
  • Aiding in proper digestion and absorption of
    food
  • Acting as structural components in cell
    membranes
  • Acting as messengers and signaling
    molecules within the body
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10
Q

_________ is the main source of
energy, primarily glucose

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

if carbohydrates is not metabolized in
fast rate, as in the case of resting,
usually, the energy is converted to
______

A

fats or lipids.

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12
Q

(T/F)
Lipids are used for storing
energy

A

T

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13
Q

Digestion – _______
Absorption – ______

A

stomach
small intestine

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14
Q

Once lipids reaches small intestines,
absorption of fat would help
absorption of other nutrient that are
_____

A

lipid soluble

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15
Q

substances that
are primarly dissolved in the
presence of lipids (ex. Vitamins
A,D,E,K)

A

Lipid soluble

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16
Q

Once intake foods rich in fats, it
is easier to absorb by ______ with the help of lipids

A

small intestine

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17
Q

cell-to-cell
communication, whether
intracellular or intercellular.

A

Signaling molecules

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18
Q

One component is the lipid for
communication

A

Signaling molecules

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19
Q

Lipids can also be used to synthesize
other hormones in the body such as
______

A

steroid hormones

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20
Q

Generally, precursor would be the
_____

A

cholesterol

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21
Q

Steroid hormones

A

(PAET)
progesterone
androgen
estrogen
testosterone

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22
Q

(T/F)
Lipids cannot act as precursor to
substances that can be used to
promote some functions within our
body

A

F: Lipids CAN act as precursor to
substances that can be used to
promote some functions within our
body

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23
Q

Lipids are _____ in water, but soluble in organic solvents
(chloroform and ether)

A

insoluble

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24
Q

(YES OR NO)
ARE LIPIDS NONPOLAR?

A

YES

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25
Type of bonds
covalent and hydrophobic bonds (water-fearing)
26
(yes or no) Do lipids require special transport mechanisms (lipoproteins) for circulation of the blood?
yes
27
Blood composes of ___ water
95%
28
(T/F) blood cannot circulate properly without transport mechanism (e.g. lipoproteins)
T
29
in blood ____ it as transporter also
albumin
30
Lipids transported by ____
lipoproteins
31
Lipids transported by lipoproteins:
Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol
32
Lipids consisting of 3 fatty acid molecules joined towards a single glycerol molecule
Triglycerides
33
Tri (3) + glycerol (parent molecule; the one they are binding to)
triglycerides
34
Other term for triglycerides
triacyl glycerol (TAG)
35
These are lipids with attached phosphate group
Phospholipids
36
Carbon ring structure with alcohol functional groups
Cholesterol
37
(cholesterol) Forms ester bond with another molecule
Cholestryl esters
38
Linear chains of C-H bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (-COOH or Carboxylic Acids)
FATTY ACIDS
39
(FATTY ACIDS) Variable in length:
Short-chain (4-6 carbon atoms) Medium-chain (8-12 carbon atoms), or Long-chain (more than 12 carbon atoms)
40
(FATTY ACIDS VARIATION IN LENGTH) Based on C=C double bonds
Long-chain
41
(FATTY ACIDS) Long-chain Based on C=C double bonds: * ______– no double bonds * _______ – contains double bonds
Saturated Unsaturated
42
(one double-bond)
Monounsaturated
43
(two or more double-bonds)
Polyunsaturated
44
______: observed in double bond Same side of the molecules
Cis
45
opposite configuration
Trans
46
“Neutral Fat”
TRIGLYCERIDES/TRIACYLGLYCEROLS
47
Contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds
TRIGLYCERIDES
48
Triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids tend to be ____ Cis unsaturated fatty acids from oils at RT
solid at RT
49
The main storage lipid in man (adipose tissue)
TRIGLYCERIDES
50
Are similar in structure to triglycerides except that they only have two fatty acids
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
51
PHOSPHOLIPIDS are constituent of cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer), contains ____
polar and non-polar regions
52
(phospholipids) meets the extracellular matrix and the other one on the cytoplasm and is faced outwards
Hydrophilic head
53
they are water soluble, they are the ones that binds or is the one attached to extracellular matrix, primarily composed of water
Hydrophilic head
54
(T/F) Hydrophobic tail faces each other
T
55
FORMS OF PHOSPHOLIPID
* Lecithin / phosphatidylcholine – 70% * Sphingomyelin – 20% * Cephalin – 10%
56
One of the composition of myelin found in axons of neurons
Sphingomyelin – 20%
57
Purpose of myelin:
speed up transmission of neuronal impulse (from one neuron to another)
58
Cephalin – 10%
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine Phosphatidyl serine Lysolecithin + inositol phosphatide
59
these are the ones that are found on either side of the cell membrane Together with phosphatidyl ethanolamine
Phosphatidyl serine
60
They can serve as cell receptors or the ones to transmit or initiate signal transduction to the intracellular communication
Phosphatidyl serine
61
Importance of phospholipid: they can be used as assessment if infant/fetus can be delivered already
Lysolecithin + inositol phosphatide
62
To measure if fetus can survive delivery against fetal distress
Lysolecithin + inositol phosphatide phospholipid
63
The only phospholipid in membranes that is not derived from glycerol but from an amino alcohol called sphingosine
SPHINGOMYELIN
64
Essential component of cell membranes (RBC and nerve sheath)
SPHINGOMYELIN
65
Accumulates in the liver and spleen of patients suffering from Niemann-Pick disease
SPHINGOMYELIN
66
Accumulation of sphingomyelin is the indicative of this disease
Niemann-Pick disease
67
An unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A,B,C, and D)
CHOLESTEROL
68

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