5 Kingdoms of Life

Question 1

What are the 5 kingdoms of life?

Answer 1

• Animals
• Plants
• Protoctista
• Fungi
• Bacteria

Question 2

What are the Eukaryotes kingdoms?

Answer 2

• Animals
• Plants
• Protoctista
• Fungi

Question 3

What is the Prokaryotes kingdom?

Answer 3

• Bacteria

Question 4

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 4

Eukaryotes have proper organelles with a nucleus. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, instead the genes are in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Describe animal cells.

Answer 5

• All multicellular, they are made of many specialised cells.
• They eat other organisms - heterotrophic nutrition.
• Cells do not have chloroplasts or a cell wall.
• They have a nervous system for co-ordination and movement.
• They are eukaryote cells.

Question 6

Describe plant cells.

Answer 6

• All multi cellular, made of specialised cells.
• Make their own food by photosynthesis- autotrophic nutrition.
• Cells have chloroplasts and a cellulose cell wall.
• They store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose.
• They are eukaryote cells.

Question 7

Describe Fungi cells.

Answer 7

• Many are multi-cellular. They consist of thread called hyphae. The whole structure is called a mycelium.
• Some have a reproductive system, like mushrooms or toadstools.
• They feed by saprotrophic nutrition.
• Cells have no chloroplasts, a chitin cell wall, many nuclei per large cell.
• They store carbohydrates as glycogen.
• They are part of the eukaryotic kingdoms.

Question 8

Describe protoctista cells.

Answer 8

• They are all single celled.
• Some photosynthesise, others feed on living organisms or organic remains.
• Cells can have chloroplasts, cell wall, flagellum for movement.
• There is lots of variation because protoctista is essentially anything that doesn’t fit into another kingdom.
• They all have a nucleus and are therefore in the eukaryotic kingdoms.

Question 9

Describe bacterial cells.

Answer 9

• They are prokaryotes - they do not have a proper nucleus, instead the genes are in the cytoplasm.
• There are many different types of bacteria. Some photosynthesise, some are decomposers.
• Bacterial cells have a cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall and cytoplasm with DNA inside.
• Many bacterial cells also have a slime capsule, a flagellum and plasmids (small circles of DNA containing extra genes).
• Bacteria is NOT the same as viruses.

Question 10

Why aren’t viruses alive?

Answer 10

Viruses do not respire and do not carry out any of the normal processes that living organisms carry out, like excretion. Therefore they are not living.