5 - Joint Pain Flashcards
List 2 biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Rheumatoid factor
2. Anti-CCP (anti-cyclic citrillunated peptide
Why might a patient with septic arthritis present with fever?
Injury lead to infection
The main principle for managing osteoarthritis is halting ___.
Progression
What is the most common cause of septic arthritis?
Injury
What is the most common surgical treatment for osteoarthritis?
Joint replacement
List 2 reasons why rheumatoid factor is an unreliable biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Not found in all RA patients
2. Can be found in unaffected patients
When cartilage thins and cracks, what forms on the margins?
Osteophytes (bony spurs)
How can osteoarthritis cause genu varum?
Abnormal remodelling of joints
What type of joint would be found in the skull?
Fibrous
In addition to joints, rheumatoid arthritis can affect other parts of the body. List 4 organs that could be affected by rheumatoid arthritis.
- Lungs
- Eyes
- Pleura
- Pericardium
What is the most common cause of work absence in Western countries?
Back pain
Why does inflammation lead to an increase in blood flow?
Blood carries immune cells to the site of infection
What are menisci?
Discs of cartilage within certain synovial joints that enhance stability
List 2 serious underlying causes of back pain.
- Spinal stenosis
2. Bone metastases
What is septic arthritis?
Arthritis resulting from infection
Mechanical back pain does not radiate beyond the ___.
Knee
How does arthritis cause pain? (Hint: relates to inflammation.)
Inflammation -> tissue swelling -> stimulation of pain receptors
List 6 risk factors for osteoarthritis.
- Genetic
- Age
- Obesity
- Repetitive use
- Past injury
- Joint misalignment
The main principle for managing rheumatoid arthritis is the reduction of ___.
Inflammation
Compare the range of movement allowed by the 3 joint types.
Fibrous: None
Fibrocartilaginous: Some
Synovial: Extensive
What is the main function of synovial fluid?
Lubrication
What class of medication increases risk of gout?
Diuretics
What type of joint would be found in the limbs?
Synovial
Which type of arthritis is caused by the DEGENERATION of cartilage?
Osteoarthritis
Which connective tissue covers the surface of a synovial joint?
Cartilage
What type of liquid does the joint cavity contain?
Synovial fluid
What form of connective tissue holds joints together?
Ligaments
Joints are held together by ligaments. What is the main protein in a ligament?
Collagen
List the 3 types of joints.
- Fibrous
- Fibrocartilaginous
- Synovial
List 3 potential investigations for arthritis.
- Aspiration
- X-rays
- Blood test