5. Introduction to Risk-Based Inspection Flashcards by Anibal Mavo

1 Key Elements of an RBI Program

a) management systems for maintaining

documentation, personnel qualifications, data requirements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1 Key Elements of an RBI Program

b) documented method for

POF and COF determination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program

C) All the elements outlined

in the Purpose section

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.2 One Objetive of RBI

Determine what incident could occur (consequence) in the event of an

equipment failure,

and how likely (probability) it is that the incident could happen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.2 When the probability and consequence combination (risk) is high enough to be unacceptable

A mitigation action to reduce the

probability and/or the consequence of the event is appropriate.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.2 The combination of probability and consequence produce

An effective

risk-based decision-making take place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.2 Focus of Risk acceptability criteria

Not every failure will lead to an undesirable incident with serious consequence (e.g. water leaks) and

that some serious consequence incidents have very low probabilities (e.g. rupture of a clean propane vessel).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About Risk plot diagram

- Represent

the probability and COF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About Risk plot diagram

- Ordering of equipments by risk and produces a

risk-based ranking foccusing attention on the areas of highest risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About ISO-risk line on Risk plot diagram

- Represents a

constant risk level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About ISO-risk line on Risk plot diagram

- Items that fall on or very near are

roughly equivalent in their level of risk.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About ISO-risk line on Risk plot diagram

- A user-defined acceptable risk level could be

plotted as an ISO-risk line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 About ISO-risk line on Risk plot diagram

- Would separate the unacceptable from

the acceptable risk items

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Variables for the selection of RBI assessment levels (1/2)
a) objective of
b) number of
c) available
d) assessment

a) the study,
b) facilities and equipment items
c) resources,
d) timeframe,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Variables for the selection of RBI assessment levels (2/2)
e) complexity of
f) nature and quality of
g) risk discrimination

e) facilities and processes,
f) of available data,
g) needed.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.3.1 Ways of application of RBI procedure

Can be applied

qualitatively, quantitatively, or by using aspects of both (i.e. semi-quantitatively).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.1 Approaches of RBI procedure

- Each approach provides a systematic way to screen for

risk, areas of potential concern, and develop a

prioritized list for more in-depth inspection or analysis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.1 Approaches of RBI procedure

- Each approach develops a risk ranking measure to be used for evaluating separately the

POF and the potential COF. These two values are then combined to estimate risk of failure.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.1 Choosing the approaches of RBI procedure

- The chosen approach can be selected at

the beginning of the analysis process and carried through to completion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.1 Choosing the approaches of RBI procedure

- may be changed (i.e. the analysis may become more or less quantitative) as

the analysis progresses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.1 If the risk determined using any approach is below the acceptance criterion specified by the management of the organization conducting the analysis
- no further analysis, inspection, or mitigation steps are typically required and

the conditions and assumptions used in the analysis remain valid.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5.3.1 Continuum of RBI Approaches Diagram
Ver figura 3

The spectrum of risk analysis should be considered to be a continuum with qualitative and quantitative approaches being the

two extremes of the continuum and everything in between being a semi-quantitative approach.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.2 Concepts of RBI methodology

- Basis for prioritizing and managing the

efforts of an inspection program.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3.2 Concepts of RBI methodology

- The POF and COF are assessed separately and then

combined to determine risk of failure.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5. 3.2 Concepts of RBI methodology | - Is based on relative risk rather than

a traditional risk analysis, but it uses similar techniques.

5. 3.2 Risk and Risk mitigation plans | - Risk is compared and prioritized for

inspection planning and risk mitigation

5. 3.2 Risk and Risk mitigation plans | - Risk mitigation plans may include inspection, changes in materials of construction, the

use of corrosion inhibitors, changes in operating conditions and fluids, etc.

5. 3.2 An effective RBI program | - Identifies and measures the relative uncertainties associated with

ascertaining the condition of the equipment

5. 3.2 An effective RBI program | - Uses risk to identify and prioritize when those uncertainties must be reduced, typically by

improved knowledge though additional data, likes degradation rate, other inspection, IOWs, probes, etc.

5. 3.2 An RBI program includes the following | a) Systems or processes within

an operation prioritized by risk.

5. 3.2 An RBI program includes the following | b) Determined risk value or category associated with

an equipment item

5. 3.2 An RBI program includes the following | c) Prioritized equipment ranking based

on risk.

5. 3.2 An RBI program includes the following | d) Development of an appropriate inspection program to

address key risk drivers.

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (1) | - Requires data inputs based on

engineering judgment, subject matter expertise, and experience.

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (1) | - Inputs are often given in

data ranges

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (1) | - Results are typically given in

qualitative terms such as high, medium, and low.

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (1) | - enables completion of a risk assessment in the

absence of detailed quantitative data

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (2) | - accuracy of results is dependent on the background and expertise of the

risk analysts and team members

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (2) | - is less precise than more

quantitative approaches

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (2) | - is effective in screening out

units and equipment with low risk

5. 3.3 Qualitative Approach Characteristics (2) | - generally are not as repeatable as

quantitative assessments

5.3.4 Quantitative Approach Advantages 1. Are more systematic, consistent, and documented, and they are

easier to update than qualitative approach

5.3.4 Quantitative Approach Advantages 2. Generally uses a software program to calculate risk and

develop inspection program recommendations

5.3.4 Quantitative Approach Advantages 3. Outlines a methodology for prioritizing

equipment risk in a risk matrix or ISO-risk plot

5.3.4 Quantitative Approach Advantages 4. POF and COF are combined to

produce an estimate of risk for equipment

5.3.4 Quantitative Approach Advantages 5. Equipment items are ranked based on

risk with POF, COF, and risk calculated

5.3.5 Semi-quantitative Approach Characteristics 1. Has aspects derived from

both the qualitative and quantitative approaches.

5.3.5 Semi-quantitative Approach Characteristics 2. Obtain the major benefits of the

qualitative and quantitative approach

5.3.5 Semi-quantitative Approach Characteristics 3. Data used in a quantitative approach is needed for

this approach, but in less detail

5.3.5 Semi-quantitative Approach Characteristics 4. Models may not be

as rigorous

5.3.5 Semi-quantitative Approach Characteristics 5. Results are usually given in

consequence and probability categories or as risk numbers

5.3.6 Continuum of Approaches Characteristics 1. In practice, an RBI study typically uses aspects of

qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative approaches

5.3.6 Continuum of Approaches Characteristics 2. The user is cautioned against drawing conclusions about different results when

different methodologies are used to evaluate the same piece of equipment.

5.3.6 Continuum of Approaches Characteristics 3. Risk-Based Inspection Planning Process diagram, identifies the essential elements of inspection planning based on risk analysis and is applicable to

Continuum of RBI Approaches diagram regardless of which RBI approach is applied

5.4 Precision vs Accuracy Highlights 1. Accuracy is a function of the

analysis methodology, the quality of the data, and consistency of application

5.4 Precision vs Accuracy Highlights 2. Precision is a function of the

selected metrics and computational methods.

5.4 Precision vs Accuracy Highlights 3. Risk presented as a precise numeric value (as in a quantitative analysis) implies a greater level of

accuracy when compared to a risk matrix (as in a qualitative analysis)

5.4 Precision vs Accuracy Highlights 4. It may be beneficial to use quantitative and qualitative methods in a

complementary fashion to produce the most effective and efficient assessment.

5.4 Precision vs Accuracy Highlights 5. The accuracy of any type of RBI analysis depends on

using a sound methodology, quality data, and qualified personnel

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks. Factors of the operation for suitable condition of equipments a) normal b) upset c) normal start-up and d) idle or e) emergency shutdown and

a) operation, b) conditions, c) shutdown, d) out-of-service time, e) subsequent start-up.

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks. Process variables for each operating condition a) process fluid, contaminants, and b) pressures, including c) temperatures, including d) flow e) desired unit run length between

a) aggressive components; b) cyclic and transient conditions; c) cyclic and transient conditions; d) rates; e) scheduled shutdowns (turnarounds).

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks. Suitability of equipment in operation - The suitability and current condition of the equipment within a

IOWSs will determine the POF

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks. Suitability of equipment in operation - The POF and associated COF will determine the

operating risk and therefore the need for mitigation.

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks. Changes or new information for update a RBI a) new data from b) changes in operation, operating variables, or c) changes in the d) changes in process e) equipment leaks or

a) inspection activities b) operation outside of the IOWs; c) process fluids; d) equipment, including additions; e) failures.

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks Important points of RBI changes - it is vital that any RBI process have

the ability to be easily updated

5.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help to Manage Operating Risks Important points of RBI changes - Changes or new information shall be

communicated on a timely basis

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.1 Risk Management Through Inspection - Inspection influences the

uncertainty of the risk associated

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.1 Risk Management Through Inspection - Inspection does not reduce

risk directly

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.1 Risk Management Through Inspection - The inspection may precipitates

risk mitigation activities that | change the POF

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.1 Risk Management Through Inspection Factors of POF due deterioration a) deterioration b) rate of c) probability of d) tolerance of the

a) type b) deterioration; c) identifying and predicting deterioration with inspection d) equipment to the type of deterioration.

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.2 Using RBI to Establish Inspection Plans and Priorities - The primary product of an RBI effort should be an

inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated.

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.2 Using RBI to Establish Inspection Plans and Priorities - For risks considered to be unacceptable, the plan should contain

the mitigation actions to reduce the level.

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.2 Using RBI to Establish Inspection Plans and Priorities - The level of the unmitigated risk should be used to

evaluate the urgency for performing the inspection

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Service Analysis - FFS is a

key part of RBI.

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Service Analysis - Risk without evaluation of results and assessment of equipment FFS after the inspection,

effective risk reduction may not be accomplished

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.4 Other Risk Management Where inspection may not be sufficient to manage risks a) equipment nearing end of b) failure mechanisms such c) consequence-dominated

a) service life; b) as brittle fracture, fatigue c) risks.

5. 6 Management of Risks 5. 6.4 Other Risk Management Where inspection may not be sufficient to manage risks In such cases, non-inspection mitigation actions (such as equipment repair, replacement, etc) may be

the only way to reduce risk

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.1 General - The RBI methodology is intended to complement other

risk-based and safety initiatives

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.1 General - The output from several of safety initiatives can provide input to the RBI effort and RBI outputs may be

used to improve safety and risk-based initiatives already implemented by organizations

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.1 General Examples of other safety initiatives a) OSHA b) EPA risk c) American Chemistry d) ASME risk

a) PSM programs, b) management programs, c) Council (ACC) responsible care, d) assessment publications,

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.1 General Examples of other safety initiatives e) Center for Chemical f) RCM and g) PHA, h) safeguarding i) safety integrity j) layers of protection analysis (LOPA).

e) Process Safety (CCPS) risk assessment techniques, f) FMEA, h) analysis, i) level (SIL), j) analysis (LOPA).

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.2 PHA (Process Hazard Analysis) 1. A PHA uses a systemized approach to identify and

analyze hazards in a process unit.

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.2 PHA (Process Hazard Analysis) 2. Hazards in the PHA of each equipment can be

specifically addressed in the RBI analysis.

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.2 PHA (Process Hazard Analysis) 3. When PHA considers a hazard, it can increase the

POF, and RBI assessment could reflect the same.

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.2 PHA (Process Hazard Analysis) 4. Some hazards identified affect the

consequence side of the risk equation

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.2 PHA (Process Hazard Analysis) 5. Likewise, the results of an RBI assessment can significantly enhance the

overall value of a PHA.

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.3 PSM (Process Safety Management) 1. PSM system can significantly reduce

risk levels in a process plant

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.3 PSM (Process Safety Management) 2. PSM program can provide input for an

RBI study (i.e Extensive data on the equipment and the process)

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.3 PSM (Process Safety Management) 3. RBI program can improve the mechanical integrity aspect of the

PSM resulting in a strengthened PSM program

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.4 Equipment Reliability 1. Realibity program can provide input to the

probability analysis portion of an RBI program

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.4 Equipment Reliability 2. Is important if leaks can be caused by

secondary failures, such as loss of utilities.

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.4 Equipment Reliability 3. RCM/FMEA, can be linked with

RBI, resulting in an integrated program

5. 7 Relationship Between RBI and Other Risk-Based and Safety Initiatives 5. 7.4 Equipment Reliability 4. RCM program can typically focus on the reliability of

other equipments that do not pertain to loss of containment but they are influential

5. 8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements | 1. Codes and legal requirements vary from

one jurisdiction to another

5. 8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements | 2. In some cases, jurisdictional requirements

mandate specific actions of inspections.

5. 8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements | 3. All users shall review their jurisdictional code and

legal requirements for acceptability of using RBI

5. 8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements | 4. RBI and Jurisdiction requirements can

work in a integrated mode.

5.8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements Benefits of applying RBI a) evidence sound RBI can be used as a basis for

advocating adoption of RBI by jurisdictions;

5.8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements Benefits of applying RBI b) evidence of fulfilling requirements of

meeting specific industry standards

5.8 Relationship with Jurisdictional Requirements Benefits of applying RBI c) basis for reducing risk further than

what may be achieved through time-based inspection rules