5. Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Why can carbon make these rings and chains?
A carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell, so it forms four covalent bonds.
Carbon-carbon bonds are relatively strong and non-polar.
What shapes can bonded carbon atoms form?
Rings
Very long chains (can be branched)
What forms the skeleton of most organic compounds?
Hydrocarbon chains
What is the ending for the carbon single bond?
-ane
What is the ending for the carbon double bond?
-ene
What is the ending for the carbon triple bond?
-yne
Define molecular formula
The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each elements that make up a molecule in a compound.
What is a displayed formula?
A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond in the molecule.
(Number of lines represent number of bonds)
What is the structural formula?
A formula where bonds are not shown but the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is given.
In structural formula, how are branches in the carbon chains shown?
In brackets e.g CH3CH(CH3)CH3
Who was the system for naming compounds developed by?
IUPAC
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
What are the root names from C1 to C6?
- meth
- eth
- prop
- but
- pent
- hex
Give the first four side chain prefixes.
Methyl-
Ethyl-
Propyl-
Butyl-
What is the reactive group on a hydrocarbon called?
A functional group
Hydrocarbons with the same functional groups react: differently or the same
The same. I.e You can predict the reactions of methene if you know the reactions of ethene etc