5. Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Why can carbon make these rings and chains?

A

A carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell, so it forms four covalent bonds.

Carbon-carbon bonds are relatively strong and non-polar.

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1
Q

What shapes can bonded carbon atoms form?

A

Rings

Very long chains (can be branched)

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2
Q

What forms the skeleton of most organic compounds?

A

Hydrocarbon chains

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3
Q

What is the ending for the carbon single bond?

A

-ane

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4
Q

What is the ending for the carbon double bond?

A

-ene

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5
Q

What is the ending for the carbon triple bond?

A

-yne

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6
Q

Define molecular formula

A

The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each elements that make up a molecule in a compound.

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7
Q

What is a displayed formula?

A

A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond in the molecule.
(Number of lines represent number of bonds)

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8
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

A formula where bonds are not shown but the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is given.

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9
Q

In structural formula, how are branches in the carbon chains shown?

A

In brackets e.g CH3CH(CH3)CH3

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10
Q

Who was the system for naming compounds developed by?

A

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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11
Q

What are the root names from C1 to C6?

A
  • meth
  • eth
  • prop
  • but
  • pent
  • hex
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12
Q

Give the first four side chain prefixes.

A

Methyl-
Ethyl-
Propyl-
Butyl-

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13
Q

What is the reactive group on a hydrocarbon called?

A

A functional group

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14
Q

Hydrocarbons with the same functional groups react: differently or the same

A

The same. I.e You can predict the reactions of methene if you know the reactions of ethene etc

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15
Q

Give the suffix for alkanes

A

-ane

16
Q

Give the suffix for alkenes

A

-ene

17
Q

Give the suffix for alcohols

A

-ol

18
Q

Give the suffix for aldehydes

A

-al

19
Q

Give the suffix for ketones

A

-one

20
Q

Give the suffix for carboxyl if acids

A

-ioc acid

21
Q

What is the prefix for haloalkanes?

A

fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- (written in alphabetical order if more than one group)

22
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of chemically similar compounds which conform to a general formula. Each member of the series differs from the next by CH2 and the members of the series show a graduation in physical properties.

23
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

24
Q

What is he general formula for the alkenes?

A

CnH2n

25
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

26
Q

Name the two different types of isomerism.

A

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

27
Q

List the different types of structural isomer

A

Positional isomer
Functional group isomer
Chain isomer

28
Q

Describe a positional isomer

A

The same functional group attached to the main chain at different points

29
Q

Describe a functional group isomer

A

Functional groups that are different

30
Q

Describe a chain isomer

A

A different arrangement of the hydrocarbon chain (such as branching)

31
Q

Why does the existence of isomers make the lives of chemists difficult?

A

The task of identifying an unknown organic compound is more difficult because there may be a number of compounds with different structures that all have the same molecular formula. Therefore, analytical methods must be used.