5. Intro to Blood Typing

Question 1

what determines blood type?

Answer 1

small carbohydrates/ANTIGENS attached to membrane of RBCs.

Question 2

transfusing the wrong type of cells can lead to what?

Answer 2

hemolysis

Question 3

what type of system is the ABO genetics?

Answer 3

codominant

Question 4

what is the recessive blood type?

Answer 4

type O

Question 5

what are the codominant blood types?

Answer 5

A and B

Question 6

parents that are AO and BO can have what types of offspring?

Answer 6

AB, AO, BO, OO

Question 7

what type of packed red cells can be given to any patient?

Answer 7

Type O; universal donor

Question 8

what type of plasma can any patient receive?

Answer 8

Type AB

Question 9

what is it in the plasma that confers type?

Answer 9

antibodies to the types of antigens that pt DOES NOT HAVE on RBCs

Question 10

what will you make in your plasma in response to the antigens you have on RBCs?

Answer 10

you’ll make antibodies in your plasma to the antigens that you DO NOT have on your RBCs

Question 11

what kind of antibodies are ABO antibodies?

Answer 11

primarily IgM

Question 12

if you are type O, what types of antibodies will you have in plasma?

Answer 12

anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 13

If you are type B, what antibodies will you have in plasma?

Answer 13

anti-A

Question 14

if you are type AB, what antibodies will you have in plasma?

Answer 14

none.

Question 15

how long will it take newborns to build up these antibodies?

Answer 15

about 6 mo

Question 16

why do people produce antibodies to the carbohydrate types that they do not have?

Answer 16

because there are bacteria that are very similar to the A and B antigens - when the body is exposed to these, it produces antibodies. but body won’t produce SELF antibodies

Question 17

why is type AB plasma the universal donor for plasma?

Answer 17

it contains NO antibodies.

Question 18

what is forward type/front type?

Answer 18

what is on the CELLS; types of antigens

Question 19

what is back type/reverse type

Answer 19

what is in the PLASMA; types of antibodies

Question 20

what testing is done for forward type?

Answer 20

clump testing. pt’s cells in tube. add Anti-A and Anti-B. cells will clump if antigen is present.
Ex: Type A cells will clump in presence of Anti-A.
Also do gel test: clumped cells won’t travel very far.

Question 21

what testing is done for backward/reverse type?

Answer 21

known cell types in tube, add patient plasma. example: Type A cells in tube, add pt plasma. Clump? Pt’s plasma contains Anti-A.

Question 22

what is the final check for compatibility?

Answer 22

cross-match. actually add pt plasma and donor cells. check for clumping: if so, NOT a match

Question 23

It pt blood type is unknown, and no time to test, what type of RBCs ok to give?

Answer 23

type O

Question 24

if Type A patient, what type of RBCs can be received?

Answer 24

A or O

Question 25

if Type AB patient, what type of plasma can be received?

Answer 25

type AB only