5. Intro to Blood Typing Flashcards
what determines blood type?
small carbohydrates/ANTIGENS attached to membrane of RBCs.
transfusing the wrong type of cells can lead to what?
hemolysis
what type of system is the ABO genetics?
codominant
what is the recessive blood type?
type O
what are the codominant blood types?
A and B
parents that are AO and BO can have what types of offspring?
AB, AO, BO, OO
what type of packed red cells can be given to any patient?
Type O; universal donor
what type of plasma can any patient receive?
Type AB
what is it in the plasma that confers type?
antibodies to the types of antigens that pt DOES NOT HAVE on RBCs
what will you make in your plasma in response to the antigens you have on RBCs?
you’ll make antibodies in your plasma to the antigens that you DO NOT have on your RBCs
what kind of antibodies are ABO antibodies?
primarily IgM
if you are type O, what types of antibodies will you have in plasma?
anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
If you are type B, what antibodies will you have in plasma?
anti-A
if you are type AB, what antibodies will you have in plasma?
none.
how long will it take newborns to build up these antibodies?
about 6 mo
why do people produce antibodies to the carbohydrate types that they do not have?
because there are bacteria that are very similar to the A and B antigens - when the body is exposed to these, it produces antibodies. but body won’t produce SELF antibodies
why is type AB plasma the universal donor for plasma?
it contains NO antibodies.
what is forward type/front type?
what is on the CELLS; types of antigens
what is back type/reverse type
what is in the PLASMA; types of antibodies
what testing is done for forward type?
clump testing. pt’s cells in tube. add Anti-A and Anti-B. cells will clump if antigen is present.
Ex: Type A cells will clump in presence of Anti-A.
Also do gel test: clumped cells won’t travel very far.
what testing is done for backward/reverse type?
known cell types in tube, add patient plasma. example: Type A cells in tube, add pt plasma. Clump? Pt’s plasma contains Anti-A.
what is the final check for compatibility?
cross-match. actually add pt plasma and donor cells. check for clumping: if so, NOT a match
It pt blood type is unknown, and no time to test, what type of RBCs ok to give?
type O
if Type A patient, what type of RBCs can be received?
A or O
