5 Homeostasis and responce - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

How does the endocrine system bring about a change in our internal environment?

A

Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travel to the target organ to produce an effect

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical Messenger Protein which has an effect on a target organ

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3
Q

Name the ‘master gland’ that secretes a variety of hormones.

A

Pituitary gland

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4
Q

Name the hormone that affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney.

A

ADH

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5
Q

State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system.

A

Hormonal effects are slower/last longer

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6
Q

Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level.

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level.

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

Name the organ the produces hormones to control blood glucose level.

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

State an effect of insulin.

A

Increase glucose uptake by cells/More respiration/Convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/Convert glucose to fat for storage

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10
Q

State an effect of glucagon.

A

Convert glycogen to glucose/Make glucose from amino acids or fat

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11
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Complex/Storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles

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12
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Condition where pancreas does not make enough/any insulin

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13
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly

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14
Q

Name one symptom of diabetes.

A

Excess urine/Feeling thirsty/Lack energy/Lose weight/Fatigue

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15
Q

Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

A

Lack of exercise/Sugary diet/Obesity

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16
Q

Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes.

A

Insulin injection

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17
Q

Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes.

A

Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant

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18
Q

Name one treatment for type 2 diabetes.

A

Carbohydrate-controlled diet/Lose weight/Regular exercise

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19
Q

Which organ produces thyroxine?

A

Thyroid gland

20
Q

What is the effect of thyroxine?

A

Controls metabolic rate

21
Q

Name the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls the production of thyroxine?

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

22
Q

State one effect of adrenaline.

A

Increase heart rate/breathing rate/Increase glycogen conversion to glucose/Pupils dilate/Increase mental awareness/More blood flow to muscles

23
Q

Name the organ that secretes adrenaline.

A

Adrenal gland

24
Q

The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system. True or false?

25
Under what sort of situation would adrenaline be released?
In reaction to fear or stress
26
Name the main female reproductive hormone.
Oestrogen
27
Name the process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries.
Ovulation
28
Name the hormone that causes egg maturation in the ovaries.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
29
Name the hormone that stimulates ovulation.
LH (luteinising hormone)
30
Name the hormone that stimulates the build-up of the uterus lining.
Oestrogen
31
Name the hormone that maintains the uterus lining.
Progesterone
32
Name the main male reproductive hormone.
Testosterone
33
Which organ produces testosterone?
Testes
34
State the average length of the menstrual cycle.
28 days
35
Which two female hormones does the pituitary gland secretes during the menstrual cycle?
FSH and LH
36
Which two female hormones does the ovaries release during the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen and progesterone
37
Which hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen?
FSH
38
Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH?
Oestrogen
39
Which hormone stimulates the release of LH?
Oestrogen
40
Which hormone inhibits the release of both FSH and LH?
Progesterone
41
Which hormone(s) are used as contraceptive pills?
Oestrogen and progesterone
42
Name a chemical method of contraception.
Spermicides
43
Name a barrier method of contraception.
Condom/Diaphragm
44
Which two hormones are issued as fertility drug in IVF treatments?
FSH and LH
45
Where does fertilisation occur in IVF treatment?
In a Petri dish