5 Health Improvement

Question 1

What does ‘health improvement involve’?

Answer 1

• Understand health needs of population
• Identify what works to improve health, reducing inequalities, preventing disease
• Use resources wisely
• Evaluate impact

Question 2

How do we approach population level health improvement?

Answer 2

Improving physical and mental wellbeing

Reduce health inequalities

Reduce occurrence of ill health

Action on wider determinants of health

Work with communities and partner agencies

Question 3

What makes up the ‘virtuous cycle of public health’?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the fundamental requirements for health improvement? (4)

Answer 4

Question 5

How are logic models used to plan and implement health improvement interventions?

Answer 5

Question 6

Outline the 4 different types of prevention of ill health in terms of:

• Strategies
• Goals
• Target population

Answer 6

1. Primordial
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. Tertiary

Question 7

Give examples of primordial, primary and secondary using smoking as an example.

Answer 7

Primordial:

• Increase price of cigarettes (elasticity)
  
  • Cigarettes thought to be at limit- no more elastcity (ie even if price increased- those who still smoke will continue to smoke)
• Illegal to smoke with child in vehicle
• Tobacco on sale= hidden

Primary and secondary:

• Smoking cessation support

Question 8

As a health professional, how can you approach encouraging people to stop smoking?

Answer 8

ASK- record smoking status

ADVISE- best way to stop smoking
ACT on response- confidence, info, refer- know about services

Question 9

Why is it difficult to evaluate health improvement initiatives?

Answer 9

Question 10

What 2 types of biases can make screening programmes seem more effective than they are?

Answer 10

1. Lead time bias
   
   1. early diagnosis falsely appears to prolong survival
2. Length time bias
   1.