5- features of a science Flashcards
1
Q
define science
A
the systematic and controlled approach to creating knowledge that we can rely on to to predict and control the world
2
Q
when is psychology a science
A
- large and representative sample
- key words defined/measured (operationalised)
- confounding variables identified and controlled
- pilot studies
- high element of control
3
Q
what are empirical methods
A
- gaining knowledge which relies on direct observations/testing
- helps separate unfounded beliefs from the truth
- look for facts/scientific evidence that can be tested using empirical evidence
4
Q
what is a paradigm
A
- a shared set of assumptions and agreed methods that are found within scientific disciplines
- Kuhn suggests this is what distinguishes scientific and non-scientific disciplines
5
Q
why is psychology views as a pre-science
A
- social sciences like psych lack a universal acceptance of paradigms
- has too many internal disagreements and conflicting approaches to qualify as a science
6
Q
what is a paradigm shift
A
- a significant change in the dominant unifying theory of a scientific discipline occurs
- result of a scientific revolution occurs
7
Q
describe the 2 stages of a paradigm shift
A
- one theory remains dominant, researchers question the accepted paradigm (maybe with contradictory research)and counter evidence accumulates and gains popularity so present paradigm may be overthrown
- established science makes rapid progress and scientific revolution occurs
8
Q
define objectivity
A
dealing with facts in a way that is unaffected by beliefs, opinions, feelings or expectations
9
Q
describe objectivity
A
- good researcher keeps ‘critical distance’ from research
- shouldn’t let personal opinions/biases interfere and affect outcome
- findings shouldn’t be influenced by psychologist
- high level of objectivity increases accuracy of results as they can be replicated
- basis of the empirical methods and more likely achieved when using lab experiments/ obsverations
