5. enzymes

Question 1

introduction to enzymes

Answer 1

enzymes are classed as biological catalysts. Enzymes are specific to one substrate.
They have an active site where the substrates will fit into and the reaction will take place.
The substrate must be complementary to the active site shape.
The enzyme never changes shape, it remains unaltered during the reaction.

Question 2

define anabolic reactions

Answer 2

some enzymes build up smaller molecules into more complex ones.

Question 3

define catabolic reactions

Answer 3

some enzymes will breakdown complex molecules into more smaller, simpler molecules.

Question 4

define optimum conditions

Answer 4

for all enzymes to function in their best, they require the best possible conditions.
two important factors; temperature, pH

Question 5

what happens to enzymes at low temperatures

Answer 5

at low temperatures, enzymes will work very slowly.

Question 6

what happens to enzymes as the temperature increases

Answer 6

as the temperature increases , the substance molecules and the enzyme molecules start to “bump” into each other, to speed up the reaction.

Question 7

what happens to enzymes if the temperature continues to increase

Answer 7

the enzymes shape is altered and it can no longer function, it is denatured.

Question 8

define pH and relation to enzymes

Answer 8

pH is a scale of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. An enzymes shape can be altered by changes in pH.

Question 9

optimum pH for enzymes

Answer 9

the optimum pH for enzymes s varies within enzyme.
pepsin - pH 2.5
catalase - pH 7
lipase - pH 9

Question 10

word equations (enzymes)

Answer 10

catabolic
amylase
starch ————————————————–> maltose

                         sucrase sucrose -------------------------------------------------> glucose + frutose 

                         catalase  hydrogen ------------------------------------------------> water + oxygen peroxide 

anabolic
phosphorylase
glucose —————————————————-> starch
1-phosphate