3. DNA, RNA and proteins.

Question 1

DNA background information

Answer 1

• DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.
• All of our heditary information is encoded in DNA, this can be packaged into chromosomes.
• chromosomes are made up of genes
  DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid.
• our DNA is a code for all the proteins our body needs/makes.

Question 2

DNA molecule

Answer 2

double stranded helix, each strand is made up of units called nucleotides.

Question 3

nucleotide structure

Answer 3

• phosphate
• deoxyribose sugar
• base

Question 4

bases

Answer 4

• weak hydrogen bonds exist between the bases A>T, C>G
  strong chemical bonds exist between the phosphate and deoxyribose sugar.

Question 5

DNA (nucleus) and protein synthesis (ribosome)

Answer 5

DNA is in the nucleus and carries the code to make over 10,000 proteins. Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosome so another nucleic acid (RNA) is required to take the code out of nucleus

Question 6

3 distinct differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 6

1. RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
2. RNA has ribose sugar, DNA has deoxyribose sugar,
3. The base thymine (DNA) is replaced with uracil (RNA)

Question 7

messenger RNA

Answer 7

type of RNA which takes the code out of the nucleus.

Question 8

proteins overview

Answer 8

• proteins are made up of chains of amino acids (20 different amino acids in nature) so it follows that the DNA code should be able to specify at least 20 different codes.
  DNA bases are grouped into triplet of bases, each containing a triplet code for one amino acids

Question 8

proteins

Answer 8

• proteins are made of amino acids and they contain elements; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
• amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, forming polypeptide chains.

Question 9

Fibrous proteins

Answer 9

fibrous proteins are rope like. Many polypeptide chains form parallel strands linked together e.g strength, support , movement, ligaments, tendons, keratin.

Question 10

globular proteins

Answer 10

globular proteins are linked together in a way that forms a spherical molecule (ball of string) e.g enzymes, transport, messages, hormones, antibodies