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PE - anatomy + physiology > 5 - Energy systems > Flashcards

5 - Energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sub maximal deficit?

A

Occurs as a result of going through the ATP-PC + alactic system to get to the aerobic energy system

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2
Q

What is the maximal deficit?

A

When the anaerobic system is used on its own and a greater oxygen debt is built up

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3
Q

What is EPOC?

A

The amount of the oxygen consumed after excerice above that which would have been consumed at rest

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4
Q

What are the two stages of EPOC?

A

Fast component (Alactacid)
Slow component (Lactacid)

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5
Q

What is the aim of EPOC?

A

To return the body to pre-exercise state

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6
Q

What happens in the fast component of EPOC?

A

ATP resynthesised
P-C resynthesised
Myoglobin resaturated

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7
Q

How long does complete restoration of P-C take?

A

3 mins
(50% replenished in 30s but requires 3L of oxygen)

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8
Q

What happens in the Slow component of EPOC?

A

Lactic acid removed
Maintain breathing and heart rate
Glycogen replenished
Increase in body temperature

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9
Q

How long does resaturation of myoglobin take and how much oxygen is used?

A

2 mins and uses 0.5L

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10
Q

What does the replacement of glycogen stores depend on?

A

Type of excercise
How much carbohydrate is consumed after

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11
Q

What should be consumed 30 mins after excersice?

A

Both carbs and proteins in a 3:1 or 4:1 ratio
- Helps with glycogen resynthesis

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12
Q

What should be consumed 1-3 hours after excersice?

A

A meal high in protein, carbs + fats

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13
Q

How is lactic acid removed from the body?

A

Lactic acid is converted to pyruvic acid and then CO2 and water
Converted to glucose in liver
or converted into proteins and excreted

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14
Q

What is beta oxidation ?

A

The breakdown of saturated fat to aid the energy system

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15
Q

Describe the process of beta oxidation

A

stored fat is broken down into glyercol +free fatty acids -> undergoes beta oxidation -> converted into acetyl coA -> enters the Kerb cycle

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16
Q

Where is fat used as an energy source?

A

In low intensity, long duration excerise

17
Q

How is glycogen restored from lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid converted into glucose + glycogen in the liver via Cori Cycle

18
Q

What is the threshold point?

A

The point at which 1 energy system is exhausted + the body moves into another

19
Q

What is the source of the ATP-PC system?

A

phosphocreatine

20
Q

What is the source of the aerobic energy system

A

Glycogen + free fatty acids

21
Q

What is the source of the Alactic system?

A

Glucose/ glycogen

22
Q

Describe the ATP-PC system

A

Phosphocreatine breaks down into phosphate and creatine
This energy release is used to resynthesise 1 ATP

23
Q

Disadvantages of ATP-PC system

A

PC is limited and only lasts 8-10s in the body
PC takes 2-3 to be replenishedA

24
Q

Advantages of ATP-PC system

A

No harmful waste products
Energy is produced quickly
ATP reysnthesised quickly

25
Q

Describe the Anaerobic Glycotic System

A

Glucose -> Glucose 6 phosphate -> pyruvic acid -> lactic acid

26
Q

Disadvantages of Alactic energy system

A

Produces lactic acid

27
Q

Advantages of Alactic energy system

A

Lasts 2-3 mins (longer than ATP-PC)

28
Q

What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Kerb cycle
Electron transport chain

29
Q

Describe Glycolysis

A

Occurs in sacroplasm of muscle cell
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
Resysnthesis 2 ATP

30
Q

Describe the Kreb Cycle

A

Pyruvic acid oxidises into 2 acetyl groups
Combines with oxaloacetic acid to from citric acid
Then undergoes oxidative carboxylation
2 ATP

31
Q

Where does the Kreb Cycle happen?

A

Matric of mitochondria

32
Q

Describe the Electron transport chain

A

Hydrogen carried to ETC from Kreb cycle
Hydrogen spilts into ions +electrons
Ions are oxidised to form water
Electrons provide energy to resynthesise 34 ATP

33
Q

Where does the ETC take place?

A

Cristea of mitochondria

34
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

Maximal volume of oxygen that can be taken up and used by muscles per min

35
Q

Why is a high VO2 max advantageous?

A

You can consume more oxygen and so will work predominantly in aerobic energy system -> produce less lactic acid

36
Q

How much oxygen do we consume at rest?

A

0.3-0.4L

37
Q

How much oxygen is consumed during exercise?

A

3-6L

PE - anatomy + physiology (3 decks)

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