5. Economy (transport and industry) Flashcards
Brown field site
an old industrial or inner-city site that is cleared for a new building development
Business park
a development of offices and industrial units
Containerisation
to transport goods in standard-sized, sealed containers
Distribution
the spread of places, people, or data
Exploit
using natural resources for economic purposes, often involving the extraction or utilization of these resources.
Greenfield Site
an area of land that has not been developed previously.
Globalisation
the ways in which companies, ideas, and lifestyles spread round the world and interact with one another.
HIC
high-income country
HS2
High Speed 2
LIC
low-income country
MIC
middle-income country
Multinational
including or involving several countries or individuals of several nationalities
NIC
newly-industralized country
Primary Industry
the gathering or extracting
of raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, mining
Quaternary Industry
hi-tech research and
development industries e.g. R&D into new products
such as phones, computers and medicines.
Raw materials
mineral and agricultural resources
Science Park
a development of high-tech industries often close to a university
Secondary Industry
manufactures (or makes)
products from these raw materials e.g. food
processing, making clothes, furniture.
Tertiary Industry
provides a service e.g. nurse,
doctor, teacher, cashier
Advantages and disadvantages of travelling by Road
+The speed of delivery is
high.
+Door-to-door service.
-Emissions of noise pollution and toxic materials.
-Possible traffic delays.
Advantages and disadvantages of travelling by Rail
+Carrying capacity is high
+The rapid speed of
delivery.
-Timetables and routes
restricted
-Expensive cost for
constructing and
maintenance.
Advantages and disadvantages of travelling by Water
+ It has a high carrying
capacity.
+ Cost-effective for heavy
and bulky goods.
-It uses a high time for
shipment
-The risk of accidents is high as the ship/boat could sink/ lose cargo.
Advantages and disadvantages of travelling by Air
+It has high speed.
+There is no physical
barrier to this mode of
transportation.
-It is the costliest out of all other modes of transportation.
-It needs trained individuals
for a successful flight.
Give an example of a Transport Route/Network
HS2, designed to improve rail journey in uk.
Name 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of HS2
List at least 3 on each side for:
Name a port that declined due to containerisation
The London Docklands
Does containerisation improve global trade?
Yes
Why was The London Docklands shut down?
Because of containers; they could be unloaded
off ships further downstream and at new ports such as Felixstowe
What are the 3 things that all industries operate systems on? (7)
input, processing and output (3)
(4)
What are the factors that affect the location of an industry? Name 4
Any for of:
-Access/location of raw materials
-Access to energy supply
-Site- flat land, room to expand
-Labour- cost, skill level, quantity
-Proximity to market
-Transport routes
-Cost of land
-Capital (money to invest)
-Greenfield or brownfield site
-Government policies
Name 4 different industries that considered the factors (of location) to decide where to locate their industry
- Dairy farming in Cornwall
- Brompton bikes in London
- Bluewater shopping centre in Kent
- Cambridge Science Park
Show the development of industries over time in the UK
What does The World Bank classify
a country’s level of development
Low Income Countries (GNI)
countries with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less, e.g. Chad and Ethiopia
Middle Income Countries (GNI)
countries with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,746,
e.g. Mexico and Iraq
High Income Countries (GNI)
countries with a
GNI per capita above US$ 12,746, e.g. Germany and the USA
Is the spread of multinational industries around the World a good or bad thing?
both
What do terms such as Income per Person, Life expectancy, Health, Literacy, Housing and Economic growth evaluate?
the
standard of living and quality of life of the
population
Income per Person
determines the
average per-person income for an area
(often called GNI per capita (Gross national
income per person)).
Life Expectancy
estimate of the average
age that members of a particular
population group will be when they die.
Health
Access to healthcare affects life
expectancy and quality of life.
Literacy
The ability to read and write affects the
jobs available to people and also education
around issues like health.
Housing
Access to a safe and healthy
home is an important factor when
considering quality of life.
Economic growth
the increase in the
value of an economy’s goods and services,
which creates more profit for businesses
What are the terms that evaluate the standard of living and quality of life of the population?
Income per Person,
Life expectancy,
Health,
Literacy,
Housing and
Economic growth
What does this graph show
how employment patterns differ between countries
What type of country has a high percentage of people in primary employment, and why?
Countries in the early stage of development, because most
people are engaged in agricultural activities.
What happens the distribution of types of industries as a country begins to develop?
there is an increase in the secondary sector
What does an increase in machinery on farms mean?
That fewer people are needed in the primary sector.
Why do people tend to migrate to urban areas?
to get jobs in factories
What happens when a country becomes more economically developed?
there is a greater
demand for services such as education, healthcare and tourism
increasing the tertiary sector.
