5. Diabetes Tutorial Flashcards
Symptoms and signs of diabetes (9)
Polyuria Polydipsia Tiredness Weight loss (with maintained appetite) Potentially asymptomatic Hypoglycaemia Ketoacidosis Unusual infections Diabetic complications
Causes of type 1 DM (4)
Familial clustering
Neoplasms (destruction of islets of Langerhans)
Endocrine anomalies
Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic B cells by auto-antibodies
Causes of type 2 DM (4)
Obesity
Sedentary
Diet
Strong genetic component and environmental
Acute complications of DM
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia symptoms and signs (6)
Anxiety
Palpitations
Warm sweaty skin
Pale
Dilated pupils (signs of adrenaline release)
Signs of cerebral hypoglycaemia (confusion, rude, agitation, coma)
Hypoglycaemia management (2)
Oral glucose tablet/gel into cheek
If unconscious, glucagon injection and then oral glucose when conscious
Ketoacidosis symptoms and signs (11)
Acetone breath (sweet) Feel unwell Ketones in urine Polyuria Dehydration Hypotension Tachycardia Abdominal pain Dry mouth Confusion Coma
Ketoacidosis management (4)
Transfer to hospital
Hydration
Insulin
Potassium
Chronic complications of DM (5)
CV risk (angina, MI, CVA, PVD) Infection risk Autonomic neuropathy (postural hypotension) Diabetic retinopathy Nephropathy
What leads to amputation (3)
Neuropathy
Ischaemia
Infection susceptibility
Oral manifestations of diabetes (7)
Xerostomia Soreness Ulcers Burning mouth syndrome Infections Tooth decay Oral candidosis
Oral hypoglycaemic agent side effects
Lichenoid reactions
