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NORMANS > 5. conquest & control > Flashcards

5. conquest & control Flashcards

1
Q

how many books was the domesday book originally?

A

2 books

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2
Q

was the domesday book always the books name?

A

no

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3
Q

what language was the domesday book written in?

A

latin

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4
Q

where did william spend christmas in 1085?

A

gloucester

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5
Q

why was christmas 1085 stressful for william?

A

-the danish army had joined forces with the count of flanders and was threatening to invade england

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6
Q

what was william’s response to the threat?

A

-william held court for five days and spend another three days on church business
-he had ‘great thought and deep conversation’ with his council and ordered a survey of england

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7
Q

how did william organise england?

A

he organised the 34 shires into 7 circuits

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8
Q

who did william appoint to conduct the survey?

A

four commissioners in each circuit

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9
Q

how many english manors were questioned?

A

13,400

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10
Q

what are some examples of the questions asked for the domesday book?

A

-what is the name of the manor?
-how many ploughs?
-how many freemen?
-how many slaves?
-how much was it worth then?
-how much is it worth now?

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11
Q

how long did it take to collect the information for the domesday book?

A

6 months

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12
Q

what did some people have as proof of ownership of buildings?

A

written documents as proof of ownership; verbal agreements

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13
Q

what happened at inquests?

A

-in spring 1086 jurors from each group of manors travelled to inquests
-at the inquests, jurors listened to evidence from witnesses & decided who owned what, the decision was final

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14
Q

why do some people believe the domesday book was for taxation?

A

-massive tax database to get more money from england as william needed more money to defend england against the threat of viking invasion
-william told his commissioners to note where: ‘more could be taken than is now being taken’

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15
Q

why do some people disagree about the domesday book being for taxation?

A

-it isn’t set out in a way that would be helpful for anyone collecting taxes
-it would have to be set out geographically

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16
Q

why do some people believe the domesday book was about lands?

A

-they were an efficient way for norman’s to establish their legal right to own english lands
-it denonstrated that william was the undisputed ruler of england & legal heir to edward
-it was an instrument of power and control
-it showed that norman nobles held power through the kings power and authority

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17
Q

which two times were the information collected from?

A
  1. before the conquest
  2. after the conquest
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18
Q

what can we infer about william from the domesday book?

A

-william was an exceedingly powerful king to have such a detailed survey carried out
-everyone must have feared william and therefore feared the consequences of lying
-william could now tax effectively

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19
Q

who’s land did william give to normans after the battle of hastings?

A

the land of english earls and thegns who had died in battle

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20
Q

what did william change about landowners over the next four years?

A

he first allowed english nobles who survived to keep their lands but changed this rule following rebellions over the next 4 years

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21
Q

of 180 _______ who owned ______, how many were english?

A

(tenants in chiefs…large estates)

four

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22
Q

how much land did the king own?

A

20%

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23
Q

how much land did the church own?

A

25%

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24
Q

how much land did norman’s lords own?

A

50%

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25
Q

how much land did the english own?

A

5%

26
Q

after 1066 england continued to be…

A

a rural society

27
Q

how much of the population worked in agriculture?

A

90%

28
Q

what were some continuities in village life?

A

-at the end of winter, the plough teams still turned the soil in the village fields
-in summer, the villagers still grew their vegetables and harvested their corn
-each day, english women still
milked the cows
-children still carried water from the wells

29
Q

what big changes were brought to the lives of english peasants?

A

-the number of saxons who were free ceorls, fell dramatically
-many english had become dependent peasants who were forced to pay rent to a lord for land which they had once owned

30
Q

how did the lives of slaves improve?

A

by 1086 the number of slaves in england had fallen by around 25%

31
Q

why did many english families become poorer?

A

-norman lords squeezed as much wealth from their lands as they possibly could
-on average, norman landowners increased the income from their lands by thirty per cent between 1066 and 1086

32
Q

which restrictions made the lives of english peasants more difficult?

A

-they often forced saxons to build castles
-in some places, the english were prevented from fishing in the lord’s river and were no longer allowed to collect firewood in the lord’s forest
-norman lords often charged peasants high fees for using their water mills to grind corn

33
Q

what happened to towns in rebellious areas?

A

they were attacked and burned as the normans fought to establish control

34
Q

what did castle buildings in towns often result in?

A

the clearance of large numbers of houses and workshops

35
Q

how do we know that populations in towns decreased?

A

domesday book tells us that stafford had only 179 houses in 1086 and forty per cent of these were empty

36
Q

what were markets to english people?

A

an important way for english people to earn a living

37
Q

why did the norman’s take control of markets?

A

they saw markets as a valuable source of income

38
Q

what happened to markets after 1066?

A

normans lords seized control of nearly all market-trading in england

39
Q

what did the ____ do to markets in cornwall?

A

(count of mortain)

the count of mortain moved the market into his castle, forcing traders to pay higher rents and tolls

40
Q

how did william make use of the anglo saxon system of geld?

A

he used the geld to pay for the troops and mercenaries who brought england under control

41
Q

when did william introduce huge increases in geld?

A

in 1067 and 1068 (until 1086)

42
Q

when and where did english elite flee to?

A

1066-87 (english elite migrated to scotland, ireland, scandinavia and other parts of europe)

43
Q

new norman lords ruled lands differently from english elite:

A

-anglo saxon thegns had one name/normans attached place names to their first name to show that they owned land

-anglo saxon thegns divided up property when they died/normans only passed land on to the eldest son

-normans built castles at centres of estates & ruled lands harshly

44
Q

the murdrum fine

A

-in the years after 1066, the norman’s faced rebellions + anguish & attack as they travelled along england’s roads
-the murdrum law meant that if any norman was killed, the local english community had to pay a crippling fine until the murderer was handed over for trial

45
Q

forest law

A

-william I enjoyed hunting deer & wild boar
-to preserve the animals, the king created royal forests
-forest law prevented the english from hunting in the royal forests
-the english faced harsh penalties if caught

46
Q

examples of punishments for breaking forest law

A

killing a small animal = 2 fingers chopped off

killing a deer = eyes gouged out

47
Q

what language was used after the norman conquest?

A

latin

48
Q

why did the king’s writing office stop using english by 1070?

A

most men in power couldn’t understand english

49
Q

how did the languages spoken after the norman conquest cause disparity?

A

-rulers spoke norman french and everyone else spoke english
-this reinforced the difference between the conquerors and the conquered
-the use of two languages was a reminder that the english were now inferior to the people in their country

50
Q

what happened as the anglo saxons and norman’s began to integrate?

A

-english and french began to blend together
-french words were added to english

51
Q

william & religion

A

-william was deeply religious
-he supported the pope’s reforms across europe

52
Q

the churches role in society & what william had to do

A

1) very powerful and wealthy organisation

2) the archbishops and bishops were often royal advisers

3) bishops and priests greatly influenced people’s thinking

-it was important for william to control the church and also use its power to
control england

53
Q

examples of william trying to win the support of the pope before being king

A

-he won the support of the pope for his invasion of england by saying that when he was king he would reform the anglo-Saxon church to end its corruption
-he said its bishops and priests were far more interested in wealth and power than in serving God and the people

54
Q

what had the pope criticised stigand for?

A
  1. pluralism (holding two positions at once)
  2. supporting a rival pope to the official pope in rome
55
Q

why was it easy for william to portray the whole english church as corrupt?

A

if its leader was corrupt then the whole church must be rotten

56
Q

why was william crowned by archbishop aldred of york?

A

so that there were no doubts that william had been legally crowned king

57
Q

who was lanfrac?

A

a firm supporter of religious reform

58
Q

what were the major problems in the church?

A
  1. simony (the selling of church posts by bishops and archbishops instead of giving the post to the best-qualified person)
  2. nepotism (giving church posts to friends and family to increase their influence and wealth)
  3. pluralism (holding more than one church post)
  4. marriage (all priests were supposed to be single and to live a celibate life so that they put their devotion to God before any personal link, however, many priests were married)
59
Q

what did lanfranc order in 1075?

A

-no new priest could be married
-village priests were allowed to keep their wives but priests in cathedrals (viewed as a more important role) had to give up their post in the church or give up their wives and lead celibate lives

60
Q

lanfranc’s changes (monasteries)

A

-he increased the number of monasteries in england & the number of monks within them
-he thought it was important for monks to be well educated so they could influence and educate those who were not churchmen
-he insisted that monks follow the rules of the monasteries at all times

61
Q

lanfranc’s changes (church courts)

A

-church courts were set up to deal with anyone who committed religious or moral crimes
-priests who broke the law were also tried in Church courts instead of the king’s courts

62
Q

lanfranc’s changes (rebuilding the cathedrals)

A

-lanfranc rebuilt canterbury cathedral
-this encouraged other bishops to begin the rebuilding of their cathedrals
-the new norman cathedrals were much larger, both taller and wider with more solid pillars
-they were much more powerful, commanding buildings, symbolising the power of the new norman overlords

NORMANS (5 decks)

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