(5) Concepts of prevention

Question 1

What is premature mortalilty?

Answer 1

Death before the age of 70

Question 2

How can disease be prevented?

Answer 2

• By removing the cause of a disease
• By strengthening the resistance of individuals at risk of disease
• By interfering with the pathogenesis of the disease

Question 3

What is primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?

Answer 3

Primary - Preventing the disease before it appears
Secondary - Preventing the diease from manifestating in the early stages
Tertiary - Managing late stage disease

Question 4

What is population attributable risk?

Answer 4

Population attributable risk = Attributable risk x proportion of the population exposed to risk

Question 5

What is population attributed risk fraction?

Answer 5

What proportion of ALL risk of coronary heart disease
is explained by high blood pressure?
Population attributable risk fraction = Risk due to exposure of interest (high blood pressure)/All risk in the population

Question 6

What is population attributal risk fraction?

Answer 6

PARF = population attributable risk (due to high SBP)(x 100)/risk in whole population (overall disease rate)

Question 7

Approaches to primary prevention

Answer 7

HIGH RISK STRATEGY:
-IDENTIFY PEOPLE WITH HIGH LEVELS OF RISK FACTOR (screening)
-OFFER CLINICAL ADVICE/ PREVENTION
POPULATION STRATEGY
-SHIFT ENTIRE RISK FACTOR DISTRIBUTION
-NO IDENTIFICATION
-NO CLINICAL ELEMENT