5 Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

Chronic response to injury with associated fibrosis

Question 2

What are the 3 ways in which chronic inflammation can arise?

Answer 2

1. Severe damage: Takes over from acute inflammation
2. De novo:
   
   1. Autoimmune conditions
   2. Chronic low level irritation
   3. Chronic infections
3. Alongside acute inflammation: sever persistent/repeated irritation

Question 3

What are the cells indicated here?

Answer 3

Macrophages (derived from monocytes)

Question 4

How does acute inflammation differ from chronic inflammation in terms of microscopic appearance?

Answer 4

Much more variable appearance with chronic

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Different cells present

Question 5

What cells are shown in the following image?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

What are the functions of lympohcytes?

Answer 6

1. B lymphoctyes: differentiate to produce antibodies
2. T lymphocytes: involved in:
   
   1. Control of immune response
   2. Some cytotoxic functions

Question 7

Fill in the missing labels:

(Types of WBC)

Answer 7

Question 8

Apart from lymphocytes and macrophages, what other cells are involved in the chronic inflammatory response?

Answer 8

1. Plasma cells (differentiated antibody producing B lymphocytes)
2. Eosinophils
   
   1. Allergic reactions
   2. Parasite infections
   3. Some tumours
   4. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (recruited by macrophages; make collagen

Question 9

What are ‘Giant Cells’?

Answer 9

Fused macrophages

(frustrated phagocytosis)

(multinucleate)

Question 10

Name 3 types of giant cell and identify them in the following image:

Answer 10

• Langhans (Tuberculosis)
• Foreign Body Type
• Touton (Fat necrosis)