5 - Ch 23: Evolurion Pattern

Question 1

The study of fossils is called

Answer 1

Paleontology

Question 2

Define evolution

Answer 2

The process of change in organisms over generations

Question 3

The concept that species change over time and share a common ancestor is called

Answer 3

Descent with modification

Question 4

The oldest known fossils are ___, give years

Answer 4

Stromatolites, 3.5 billion years

Question 5

The process by which mitochondria and plastids were once prokaryotes living inside larger host cells is called

Answer 5

Endosymbiosis

Question 6

The sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla is called the

Answer 6

Cambrian explosion

Question 7

The three geological eons are

Answer 7

Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic.

Question 8

supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago was called

Answer 8

Pangaea

Question 9

oxygen revolution occurred about

Answer 9

2.7 bil years ago

Question 10

majority of species that ever lived are now

Answer 10

Extinct

Question 11

process of species evolving into diverse forms to adapt to different environments is called

Answer 11

Adaptive radiation

Question 12

Heterochrony refers to what

Answer 12

Evolutionary changes in timing or rate of development

Question 13

The Cretaceous extinction is believed to have been caused by

Answer 13

Meteor impact

Question 14

The type of dating that determines absolute fossil age by measuring isotopic decay is called

Answer 14

Radiometric dating

Question 15

The first multicellular eukaryotes appeared around

Answer 15

1.2 billions years ago

Question 16

What does the fossil record primarily document?
A) The present diversity of life
B) Life’s evolutionary history
C) The extinction of dinosaurs
D) Genetic mutations

Answer 16

B

Question 17

What is the primary evidence for continental drift?
A) Climate change
B) Similar fossils found on different continents
C) The evolution of mammals
D) The formation of Pangaea

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Which process allows for the creation of new species through separation of populations?
A) Convergent evolution
B) Allopatric speciation
C) Artificial selection
D) Genetic drift

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which isotope is commonly used to date fossils up to 75,000 years old?
A) Uranium-238
B) Carbon-14
C) Potassium-40
D) Oxygen-18

Answer 19

B

Question 20

What was a major consequence of the oxygen revolution?
A) Extinction of anaerobic organisms
B) The rise of dinosaurs
C) The formation of Pangaea
D) The extinction of mammals

Answer 20

A

Question 21

What is the study of evolutionary relationships among species?
A) Taxonomy
B) Phylogeny
C) Ecology
D) Paleontology

Answer 21

B

Question 22

What led to the rapid diversification of mammals after the extinction of dinosaurs?
A) Adaptive radiation
B) Genetic drift
C) Mutation
D) Climate change

Answer 22

A

Question 23

What is the purpose of homeotic genes?
A) Determine the rate of growth
B) Control the development of body structures
C) Control metabolism
D) Influence coloration

Answer 23

B

Question 24

What is an example of a mass extinction?
A) The rise of mammals
B) The Cambrian explosion
C) The Permian extinction
D) The spread of photosynthesis

Answer 24

C

Question 25

What caused the Cretaceous mass extinction? A) Volcanic eruptions B) Meteor impact C) Plate tectonics D) Human activity

Answer 25

B

Question 26

What is a key characteristic of adaptive radiation? A) Gradual environmental changes B) Many species evolving from a common ancestor C) The extinction of large species D) Random mutations in organisms

Answer 26

B

Question 27

What is a key characteristic of adaptive radiation? A) Gradual environmental changes B) Many species evolving from a common ancestor C) The extinction of large species D) Random mutations in organisms

Answer 27

B

Question 28

The theory that mitochondria and plastids were once free-living prokaryotes is called: A) Convergent evolution B) The founder effect C) Endosymbiosis D) Gene flow

Answer 28

C

Question 29

What is the key evidence for evolution? A) The discovery of ancient texts B) The existence of fossils C) Modern extinction rates D) The structure of DNA

Answer 29

B

Question 30

What defines an evolutionary trend? A) Organisms evolving towards complexity B) Changes occurring due to random mutations C) A consistent direction of evolution across a broad time scale D) Evolutionary stasis

Answer 30

C

Question 31

What is the study of fossils called?

Answer 31

Paleontology

Question 32

What is the process by which populations evolve over generations?

Answer 32

Evolution

Question 33

What is the order of eras after precambrian

Answer 33

Paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic

Question 34

What is the term for evolutionary change in the timing of development?

Answer 34

Heterochrony

Question 35

What is the earliest evidence of life on Earth?

Answer 35

Stromatolites

Question 36

What type of selection leads to the adaptation of populations?

Answer 36

Natural selection

Question 37

What mass extinction wiped out the dinosaurs?

Answer 37

Cretaceous extinction

Question 38

What do Hox genes control?

Answer 38

Development of body structures

Question 39

What is the main cause of the Permian mass extinction?

Answer 39

Volcanic eruptions

Question 40

Which process explains the movement of Earth’s plates?

Answer 40

Continental drift

Question 41

What method is used to determine the absolute age of fossils?

Answer 41

Radiometric dating

Question 42

What term describes the rapid expansion of species following mass extinctions?

Answer 42

Adaptive radiation

Question 43

Which period is known for a sudden increase in animal diversity?

Answer 43

Cambrian explosion

Question 44

What group of organisms likely contributed to the oxygen revolution?

Answer 44

Cyanobacteria

Question 45

What is the name of the process where eukaryotic cells engulfed prokaryotic cells?

Answer 45

Endosymbiosis

Question 46

What is the evolutionary history of a species called?

Answer 46

Phylogeny