5. bowly's theory Flashcards
who inspired Bowlby to assume a similar process to imprinting occurs in humans
lorenz
what did bowlby suggest about attachment
it is an innate process that serves as an evolutionary function- an infant who is less well attcahed is less well protected
how does evolution explain attachment
atttachment is programmed as it opperates simmilarly in all cultures
the purpose and function of attachment is to keep the baby close for safety and protection, also allows the child to explore and learn comfortably and to develop a loving reciprocal relationship to be passed on
babies are born with innate behaviors like smiling cooing and gripping that encourage attention from adults, he called these social releasers because the serve to make adults love the baby
what were Bowlby’s three key ideas:
monotropy
monotropy: a child’s attachment to one caregiver is more important and different to all others. more time spent with primary attachment figure the biter.
included 2 principles:
the law of continuity were the more constant and predictable a Childs care is the better quality the attachment
the law of accumulated separation where the effects of every separation add up
‘the safest dose is therefore zero’
what were Bowlby’s three key ideas:
critical period
babies have to become attached during a set time period which must occur during the first 2-3 years.
infants who don’t form an attachment in this time will have difficulties forming attachments later
whether an infant attached depends on the sensitivity of the primary caregiver
what were Bowlby’s three key ideas:
internal working model
a template for future relationships based on an infants primary attach,ent
evaluation, weakness, shaffer and emerson
psychologists argued the babies first attachment figure isn’t special or unique.
Schaffer and Emerson’s Glasgow study showed multiple attachments were the norm for the babies
and the mother wasn’t the main attachment figure for 35% of infants
evaluation, strength, bailey et al 2007
the internal working model predicts patterns off atachment are passed from one generation to the next
bailet it all 2007 assesed 99 mothers with one year old babies on the quality of attachment to their own mothers using a standard interview procedure
assesd the attachment of the babies using observation
mothers who reported poor atachments to their own parents were more likely to have children poorely attached
evaluation, strength, McCarthy 1999
women were assessed who were insecurely attached in infancy in infancy
they recorded their attitudes and experiences of friendships and romantic relationships
women who were avoidant-insecure were more likely to have romantic problems
resistant insecure were more likely to have friendship issues
evaluation, strenght, hazan and shaver 1987
published a ‘love quiz’ in an America newspaper about peoples early attachment experiences and current romantic attitudes and experiences
individuals more securely attached as infants tended to have happy long lasting romantic relationships and believed love was enduring and about mutual trust
insecure types found relationships less easy and were more likely to be divorced and felt that love was rare
evaluation, weakness, kagan’s temperament hypothesis
khagan’s temperament hypothesis is an alternative explanation for the different styles in attachment
innate temperamental characteristics which made infants ‘easy’ or ‘difficult’ had a serious impact on he quality of the mothers-infant relationship and attachment type.
the innate temperamental characteristics would later influence the individuals later relationships
Bowlby says the attachment type is due to the primary caregivers sensitivity, khagan’s view suggests attachment can be explained by infant behavior
Belsky and ravine suggests there’s an interaction suggested by research that found mothers’ perception of the infants temperament influenced the mother’s responsiveness (spongier, 1990)
