5 - Biopsychosocial Model of Medicine Flashcards
What is the WHO definition of health?
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
What is the biopsychosocial model?
What medicine is based on now rather than the biomedical model
What are Lay beliefs of health?
Definitions of health and illness held by the public, potential gaps between these and medical concepts. Can impact on people’s compliance/non-compliance to treatment
What are the three definitions of health and who are they primarily held by?
What is
- Health behaviour
- Ilness behaviour
- Sick role behaviour
- Activity undertaken for purpose of maintaining health and preventing illness, e.g stop smoking
- Activity of ill person to define illness and seek solution, e.g referral system
- Response to symptoms, e.g seeking formal help
ALL INFLUENCED BY LAY BELIEFS
How do people draw their ideas of health?
Base it on their own personal experiences and those around them. They may reject treatment that doesn’t fit their understanding or misinterpret it to fit their own understanding
e.g their definition of genes might not be the medical definition so they may know terminology but not understand it
What is the candicacy system?
Public can recognise risk factors for certain disease, e.g smoking leading to lung cancer. They are aware the system is fallible but put it due to misfortune.
Therefore, may delay seeking help based on their symptoms as they don’t think theyre a candidate
Do Lay beliefs develop independently?
NO!
Which groups smoke more and why?
- Lower socioeconomic groups
- Incentives to quit are not as clear and may be normalised behaviour
- Poor health behaviour and negative definition of health compared to higher groups who have positive definition
Why do not all lower socioeconomic class people smoke?
Patterns apply to groups not individuals
What is the symptom/illness iceberg?
Most symptoms are never presented to a doctor, some of these could be important symptoms
What factors influence illness behaviour?
What is lay referral and why is it important?
The chain of advice seeking contacts that the ill consult prior to, or instead of, seeking professional medical help
Helps doctor understand:
- Their role in a patients health (poor lay referral or last resort)
- Why people delayed seeking help
- Use of alternative medicines
- How, when and why people consult a doctor
- Target health promotion to show people what symptoms to seek help for
What are the four main factors involved in influencing the decision to seek medical health?
- Symptom experience
- Symptom evaluation
- Knowledge of diseases
- Experience and attitidues towards healthcare professionals
What are the different groups of people in terms of their adherence to treatment?
1. Deniers/Distancers - Deny having disease (e.g asthma) and claim it doesn’t interfere with everyday life. Have to accept identity before they start taking drugs
2. Pragmatists - Use medication but only when disease flares up and is needed
3. Acceptors - Accept diagnosis fully as part of their identity and live a normal life through controlling their symptoms with medication
