5 - Binocular Summation (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is a generic definition for binocular summation?
Implies some sort of interaction between the two eyes prior to the decision stage (only partly true, eyes can act independently)
What type of summation is binocular independence?
Probability summation
What type of summation is binocular combination?
Neural/ physiological summation
What is probability summation?
Similar to a coin flip, the odds of a “heads” outcome increase with the number of flips
What is the probability summation equation?
Pb = (Pr + Pl) - (Pr * Pl)
Is the binocular probability of detection higher or lower than the monocular probability of detection.
Higher
In theory about 1.5x more likely
75% compared to 50% for monocular
Where is the binocular probability of detection highest compared to monocular?
On the horopter
What was Campbell and Green’s experiment based on?
Theoretical ideas
What was Gordon Legge’s experiment based on
Data
Does neural summation entail a simple linear addition of left and right eye signals?
No, evidence suggests a quadratic type of summation
Why does binocular summation not appear to exist at high contrast levels?
Another inhibitory mechanism becomes prominent, counteracts the advantage offered by binocular summation
What is the difference between luminance and brightness?
Luminance is a physical quantity
Brightness is how we PERCEIVE luminance
Is brightness doubled when viewed with both eyes?
No
The resulting brightness is the average between the two
What is Fechner’s Paradox?
For targets of two different brightnesses being fused, covering the eye with the darker target results in the target becoming brighter
What did Steven’s power law show?
Brightness and luminance are not linearly related?
