5 and 8.2 Flashcards
Osteology
Study of bones
3 types of bones
Long
Flat
Irregular
Skeletal system
Provides strength and support, framework for body
Muscles
Produce movement, contract when stimulated by nervous system
Myology
Study of structure, function, and diseases of muscles
Muscular functions
Movement
Attachment
Protection
Shape
3 types of muscle tissue
Striated
Non-striated
Cardiac
Origin
Fixed portion, attached to bones and fixed muscle
Belly
Midsection, between two attached sections
Insertion
Portion of muscle joined to movable attachments - bones, movable muscles, skin
Tendons
Bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones, allowing bones to move
Ligaments
Dense strong bands of fibrous tissue that connects bones to each other
Scalp and face muscles
Muscles affected by massage are manipulated from insertion attachment to origin attachment
Light facial massage should follow muscle line
Epicranius
Broad muscle that covers the scalp, formed by two muscles joined by aponeurosis tendon
Plasma
Fluid part, carries RBC, WBC, and platelets, 90% water
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart, branching vessels, pure blood
Veins
Carry blood from capillaries to heart, impure blood
Capillaries
Take nutrients and oxygen from arteries to cells, take waste from cells to veins
Lymph
Colorless, nourishes parts not reached by blood
Lymph nodes
Glands that filter out toxins, over 100 in body, swollen means infected
Neurology
Study of nervous system, coordinates and controls body operation
Cerebrum
Mental activity, upper front of cranium
Cerebellum
Muscle movement, occipital area below cerebrum
Pons
Connects other parts of brain to spinal column, below cerebrum and in front of cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Connects other parts of brain to spinal column, below pons
Brain subsystems
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
Central nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves, voluntary and involuntary actions
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory and motor nerves from brain and spinal cord to voluntary music and surface of skin, carries sensory information to brain
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Homeostasis
State of balance
Dendrites
Receive messages
Synapses
Nerve impulses pass
Pharynx
Passage to stomach or lungs
Esophagus
Passage between pharynx and stomach
Larynx
Vocal cords, connects pharynx to trachea
Trachea
Pathway for air flow
Bronchi
Deliver air to lungs
Endocrine system
Regulates and controls growth, reproduction and health
Manufactures hormones
Affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels
Cholasma
Hyperpigmentation around mouth, forehead, and cheeks
Anatomy
Study of organs and body systems
Gross anatomy
Study of visible structures
Physiology
Study of structure and functions of organs and systems
Histology
Study of microscopic structures
Cytoplasm
Production department, site of most chemical activities, where organelles store nutrients
Cell membrane
Outer surface and enclosing structure
Metabolism
Chemical process where cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction
Anabolism
Building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolism
Breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones
Skin cell formation
Formation of new cells and the rate they move to the surface and are sloughed off
Skin absorption
Thicker corneum, more sebum, more moisture, larger molecules, higher temperature =slower rate
Larger pores = faster rate
Ways products are absorbed
Hair follicles, intercellular cement, pores, sebaceous and sudoriferous
Atopic dermatitis
Inflammation rash - dry, sensitive, irritated skin
Can progress throughout lifetime, excess inflammation in skin, linings in nose, or in lungs
Dermatitis
Inflammatory condition - red, pain, heat, swelling, and irritation from outside elements (a generic term)
Psoriasis
Inherited condition that produces excess of thick, scaly, silvery patches surrounded by red area, not curable
Eczema
Dry or moist lesions, eruptions of small vesicles and watery discharge, and may be chronic
Shouldn’t perform treatments on clients with active conditions
Vesicle
Fluid filled elevation caused by localized accumulation of fluids and blood below the epidermis - blister
Nodule
Solid mass within skin, can be soft or hard, fixed or freely moving
Cyst
Abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous, liquid, or semi solid
Ulcer
Open lesion on skin that may result on partial loss of the dermis and may have pus, no skin care service allowed
Herpes simplex
Contagious viral infection, eruptive blister-like cluster on musics membranes on skin around the mouth, nose, and genital area.
Simplex 1= cold sore
Simplex 2= genital herpes
Herpes zoster
Caused by varicella-zoster virus, clients who don’t have complete immunity to chickenpox in childhood are more susceptible, lesions are contagious
Impetigo
Contagious bacterial infection caused by staphylococci Aureus or Streptococci A organism, produces yellow crusted lesion on face, scalp, or neck
Transmitted by improperly disinfected tools
Tinea
Ringworm, contagious fungal disease characterized by red circular patch of blisters caused by fungal vegetable parasite
No services until physician treats it
Tinea corporis
Fungal infection affecting trunk, arms or legs, pink or red rash and itching
Tinea versicolor
Tri-color yeast infection, non contagious, produces hypopigmented areas on neck, chest, back, arms
Candida albicans
Caused by yeast and fungus
Red, well-demarcated patches with a white film around them
Under breast, arms, groin, inside mouth, and vaginal area
Asteatosis
Dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production, also occurs as tissue ages
Seborrhea
Caused by excess secretion of sebaceous glands, associated with oily skin
Steatoma
Harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum, considered a tumor of the sebaceous gland. On scalp, neck, and back and range from pea sized to orange sized
Furuncle
Boil, painful infection that appears as a firm nodule with a central hard, pus-filled core. Involves one hair follicle
Carbuncle
Group of boils, very painful, acute bacterial infection, inflammation. Involves several hair follicles and adjacent subcutaneous tissue, larger than boils and a tendency to spread
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory condition, small capillaries are dilated and inflamed. Red, acne type pustules and papules. Common for those around 35, more prevalent in fair skin and women
Rhinophyma
More severe form of rosacea, causes more tissue to swell and enlarge
Nodular cystic acne
Inflammatory hard lesions deeper in skin, at the point where hair follicle is plugged
Basal cell carcinomas
Common lesions that look translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels
Squamous cell carcinoma
Irregular, crusted red papule that occurs in sun exposed area and could be actinic keratosis that’s untreated
Melanoma
Most dangerous skin growth, evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions on body
Guidelines for skin growths
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Leukoderma
Lacks pigmentation because of decrease in melanocyte activity
Nevus
Birthmark, stain like, flat and reddish purple mark
Lentigo
Freckle, multiplies due to sun exposure
Melasma or chloasma
Common in pregnant women, hyperpigmentation, causing flat and light-to-dark patches on face
Keratosis
Skin cell buildup on epidermis
Pruritus
Inflammation, cause severe itching
Systemic disease
Active throughout body system
