5. AI, semen processing and handling

Question 1

Define animal biotechnology

Answer 1

the use of science and engineering to modify living organisms to manufacture products

Question 2

Give the AI times after heat detection in cattle, swine, and sheep

Answer 2

Cattle
- 12 hours

Swine
- 12-24 hours after onset of estrus

Sheep
- two inseminations required (contraception and multiple lambs)

Question 3

Explain the difference between oestrous and oestrus

Answer 3

OESTROUS
- length of the cycle

OESTRUS
-when the animal is in heat (sexual receptivity)

Question 4

Name the criteria used to evaluate bulls semen

Answer 4

volume of ejaculate
motility
morphology
concentration of the sperm

Question 5

Explain the process of morphology evaluation

Answer 5

Asmear is prepared
Sperm are counted per slide
Semen is mixed with staining solution (differentiate between live and dead sperm)

Question 6

Why is semen diluters/extenders important

Answer 6

Isotonic with semen
Buffering capacity (urine and H2O)
Protect against cold shock injury
Provide nutrients 
Control microbial contaminants

Question 7

Name the 4 components in the buffer solution of extenders

Answer 7

Phosphate
Citrate
Tris buffer
Milk

Question 8

name the 3 antimicrobial components of extenders

Answer 8

Gentamicin
Tylosin
Linco-spectin (Lincomycin and Spectinomycin)

Question 9

Name the 4 bull semen extenders

Answer 9

Yolk-Phosphate
Yolk-Citrate
Yolk-Tris
Whole homogenized milk and Skim milk

Question 10

Name three AI techniques for cows

Answer 10

Vaginal
Cervical (1-2 cm into cervix)
Recto-vaginal method (intrauterine)

Question 11

Name three AI techniques in sheep

Answer 11

Vaginal
Cervical (with the use of speculum)
laparoscopy AI

Question 12

Give the 5 important principles of Laparoscopy AI

Answer 12

BCS and nutrition NB
Flush feeding (3 Weeks)
Vaccination, dosing and dipping completed 
Sheared ewes
Fasted for 12-14 hrs

Question 13

List the management factors affecting pregnancy in AI programs

Answer 13

Oestrus detection
Time of AI
Stress

Question 14

List the insemination factors affecting pregnancy in AI programs

Answer 14

Wrong place of deposition
Less stimulation
Semen handling

Question 15

List the uterine environment factors affecting pregnancy in AI programs

Answer 15

Oestrogen for sperm transport
pH
No infectious microbes
No physical obstructions (to the fallopian tubes)