5- Aetiology of Malocclusion local and dental factors

Question 1

Lecture Aims:
1. Understand the role of local factors in aetiology of malocclusion and treatment planning
2. Understand how to preserve arch length following loss of teeth by using space maintainers
3. The role of the GDP in identifying patients and referrals.

Question 2

Malocclusion occurs due to:

Answer 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Aetiology of malocclusion ; list the dental factors

Answer 5

Question 6

Soft tissue factors: Fraenum

What can it casue

Answer 6

Question 7

Midline Diastema

Incidence?
List 6 causes of a midline diastema:
Treatment:

Answer 7

Question 8

Eruption cyst

What is it?
Treatment:

Answer 8

Question 9

Local and dental factors

What can jaw fractures, cysts and neoplasms cause?

Answer 9

They can cause all of the three clinical findings

Question 10

What can you see?
Treatment

Answer 10

Question 11

what can you see and effects on adjacent structure
Treatment

Answer 11

Question 12

Trauma
Which dentition can trauma injuries occur?

What does damage to ____ lead to?
- crown
- roots

Effect of trauma depends on (2)

Answer 12

Question 13

Dental trauma

What does early loss / non erupted tooth cause (5)?
Treatment?

Answer 13

Urgent referral for orthodontic treatment

Question 14

Identify what you can see

What would you expect on extraction

Treatment

Answer 14

Unerupted incisor- deflected and horizontal as show by x ray on right (pink circles)

When tooth is extracted would expect it to be dilacerated as shown by photograph - Dilacerated = change in position of root

Look out for asymmetric eruption of teeth esp central incisors + Ask about history of trauma

Question 15

Local dental factors that cause malocclusion (7):

Answer 15

Question 16

Tooth size - microdontia

Definition
Clinical features
Treatment

Answer 16

Micrdontia = small teeth

Laterals are peg shaped in lower image

Question 17

Tooth size - Macrodontia

Definition
Clinical features
Treatment

Answer 17

Poor aesthetics

Question 18

Tooth morphology

List 4 types and their definitions

Answer 18

Question 19

Tooth morphology - Dens Evaginatus

What is it and where is it commonly found?
List 3 clinical issues:
Treatment

Answer 19

Question 20

Tooth morphology - Dens invaginatus

What is it?
Affects which type of teeth
2 complications
Treatment

Answer 20

1- Infolding of dental epithelium during tooth development
Coronal/ radicular

2- maxillary lateral incisor

3-
1. Infection
2. RCT problematic - complex anatomy pulp

4- referral

Question 21

Missing teeth - Hypodontia

1- Define anadontia + hypodontia

2- Aetiology + association with which syndromes ?
3- Which dentition affected more?
4- F or M prevalence
5- Which teeth commonly affected?
6- What is classified as severe hypodontia?
7 treatment

Answer 21

Teeth most frequently affected:
• Third molars
• Second premolars
• Upper lateral incisors

Question 22

Missing teeth - Hypodontia

1- Define anadontia + hypodontia

2- Aetiology + association with which syndromes ?
3- Which dentition affected more?
4- F or M prevalence
5- Which teeth commonly affected?
6- What is classified as severe hypodontia?
7 treatment

Answer 22

Teeth most frequently affected:
• Third molars
• Second premolars
• Upper lateral incisors

Question 23

Missing teeth

What 3 Clinical Findings occur with missing teeth:
4 factors in planning
Treatment

Answer 23

Infraocclusion shown in the clinical photograph

Question 24

LIST 6 OPTIONS FOR MISSING TEETH

Answer 24

Question 25

Supernumerary teeth 1- what are they? 2- 2 types? 3- Aetiology - associated with which 4 conditions? 4- Where are they mostly found? 5- which teeth are common? 6 treatment

Answer 25

Upper photograph - primary dentition - from R TO L - C B A A A B C Lower photograph - primary dentition - 6 lower incisors

Question 26

Supernumerary teeth List 8 types:

Answer 26

Compound and complex should be removed

Question 27

Supernumerary teeth List 8 types:

Answer 27

Compound and complex should be removed

Question 28

Supernumerary teeth - List 9 clinical findings o

Answer 28

Question 29

Supernumerary teeth Treatment 4 planning factors

Answer 29

Question 30

Identify what you can see

Answer 30

Question 31

Failure of eruption List all the causes of failure of eruption

Answer 31

Question 32

Question 33

Early loss of teeth 1- Leads to: 2- Causes of early loss of teeth: 3- Effect depends on

Answer 33

1- Disturbed sequence of eruption Crowding Centre line disturbance 2- Caries Trauma Premature exfoliation

Question 34

Early loss of primary teeth leads to? (5)

Answer 34

Question 35

What can you see

Answer 35

Question 36

What can you see

Answer 36

Infra occlusoin - teeth showing signs of ankylosis Deciduous teeth below occlusal plane and almost submerged into gum- stopping premolar eruption - shown in green

Question 37

Disturbed eruption - Early loss of primary dentition What does loss’s of A, B, C, D and E lead to? Treatment

Answer 37

Question 38

Disturbed sequence of eruption - Late loss What does late loss of primary dentition lead to? (3) Treatment

Answer 38

Symmetric eruption is normal and should look out for this Assymetric eruption suggests something wrong

Question 39

Carious molars Unplanned loss of molars can lead to: (3)

Answer 39

Look for furcations of 7s to identify the best time to extract carious 6s

Question 40

Impacted canines What is their most common position What are 4 predisposing factors for impacted canines What is done for impacted canines 3 favourable options for treatment and 2 unfavourable

Answer 40

Question 41

Transpositions Difference between true and pseudo transpositions Aetiology Which teeth most common Associated with? 5 factors influencing outcomes 2 treatment options

Answer 41

Commonest exchange is between U4 and 3 OR U3 and 2

Question 42

Abnormalities in tooth structure - amelogenesis and dentinogenesis

Answer 42

Makes ortho complex Refer these patients Problem when debonding brackets

Question 43

Space maintenance 1- Space maintenance used to? 2- When is it used (3) 3- Why is it used? (3)

Answer 43

Early loss or Assymetric loss are a problem 1 Minimise disturbance in developing occlusion

Question 44

Space maintainers List 3 types

Answer 44

Removable - issue with pt compliance

Question 45

Role of GDP i

Answer 45