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Unit 9 > 5/8/2015 "Gross Anatomy Ant/Medial Thigh and Knee Miriam L. Donohue" > Flashcards

5/8/2015 "Gross Anatomy Ant/Medial Thigh and Knee Miriam L. Donohue" Flashcards

1
Q

Define pes anserine and list its component muscles/tendons; indicate where they insert and their collective function.

A 
Pes anserine = goosefoot, made of:
   Sartorius
   Semitendonous
   Gracilis
All insert on anteromedial portion of tibia
All FLEX the knee
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2
Q

List the posterior thigh compartment muscles

A

Posterior thigh muscles = hamstring muscles:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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3
Q

What is the innervation for the posterior thigh muscles?

A 
Posterior thigh muscles = hamstring muscles:
   Biceps femoris
   Semitendinosus
   Semimembranosus
All innervated by sciatic nerve
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4
Q

What are the origin and insertion points for the posterior thigh muscles?

A 
Posterior thigh muscles = hamstring muscles:
   Biceps femoris
   Semitendinosus
   Semimembranosus
All originate on ischial tuberosity
All innervated by sciatic nerve
All insert on the tibia
Act on both hip and knee
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5
Q

What is the function of the hamstring muscles?

A 
Posterior thigh muscles = hamstring muscles:
   Biceps femoris
   Semitendinosus
   Semimembranosus
***Adductor magnus hamstring portion***
All originate on ischial tuberosity
All innervated by sciatic nerve
All insert on the tibia
Act on both hip and knee
Extend hip, flex knee
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6
Q

Name 2 muscles in the anterior thigh compartment that act on more than one joint.

A 
Sartorius:
   Flexes hip
   Flexes knee
Rectus femoris:
   Flexes hip
   Extends knee
*Rectus femoris is a quadricep muscle
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7
Q

In what position is the knee most stable?

A

Extended position

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8
Q

What ligaments stabilize the knee joint?

A

IT band - lateral stability
Pes anserine - medial stability
MCL - resists valgus forces
LCL - resists varus forces

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9
Q

Injuries to what other structures often accompany traumatic damage to the MCL? What condition is this known as?

A

ACL and medial meniscus

“the unhappy triad”

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10
Q

Which meniscus is more often injured and why?

A

Medial meniscus, because it’s attached to the MCL, and lateral forces damage the MCL (valgus forces)

MCL stronger than LCL bc of attachment to medial meniscus.

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11
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

Add depth and cushioning to the articular surfaces of the tibial plateau
Facilitate weight transfer and distribution from femur to tibia

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12
Q

Which cruciate ligament is more often injured?

A

ACL because more common injury to have a forward movement stopped abruptly.

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13
Q

Describe the function of the cruciate ligaments.

A

ACL resists ANTERIOR movement of the tibia on the femur

PCL resists POSTERIOR movement of the tibia on the femur

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14
Q

How is locking of the knee joint accomplished?

A

As the knee comes into the extended position, the lateral femoral condyle comes into congruency with the lateral meniscus on the tibial plateau. The femur rotates medially on the tibia to allow the medial meniscus to meet the medial condyle. Then the knee is locked.
Locking of the knee permits long periods of standing with little exertion.

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15
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee?

A

Popliteus muscle

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh compartment?

A

Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
Pectineus

17
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

18
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

19
Q

What is the common insertion point for all the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A 
Quadriceps tendon (over patella) 
Becomes patellar ligament
20
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

21
Q

What separates the compartments of the thigh?

A

Deep fascia

22
Q

Where does obdurator nerve (L2-L4) provide cutaneous innervation?

A

Interior thigh

23
Q

Where does posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3) provide cutaneous innervation?

A

Back of thigh

24
Q

What are the functions of the anterior compartment muscles?

A

Knee extensors
Hip flexors

Innervation by femoral nerve (L2-L4)

25
Q

What are the functions of the medial compartment muscles?

A

Hip Adductors

26
Q

What are the functions of the posterior compartment muscles?

A

Hip extensors

Knee flexors

27
Q

What special muscle is the initiator of hip flexion?

A

Pectineus (ATC)

Can get innervation from femoral AND obdurator bc it is a border muscle

28
Q

What thigh compartment is innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4)?

A

ATC

29
Q

What combined action would test the functions of the sartorius muscle?

A

Lifting up foot to see if you stepped on gum

30
Q

What part of the quadriceps muscle fails to keep the patella in place during aging?

A

Vastus medialis

31
Q

What is the only quadriceps muscle that acts on the hip joint, and is therefore the longest of the quadriceps muscles?

A

Rectus femoris

32
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

The femoral triangle is bounded:
superiorly by the inguinal ligament.
medially by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle.
laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle.

Its floor is formed by the pectineus and adductor longus muscles medially and iliopsoas muscle laterally. Its roof is formed by the fascia lata, except at the saphenous opening where it is formed by the cribriform fascia.

Contents
The femoral triangle is important as a number of vital structures pass through it, right under the skin. The following structures are contained within the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial):
Femoral nerve and its (terminal) branches.
Femoral sheath and its contents:
Femoral artery and several of its branches.
Femoral vein and its proximal tributaries (e.g., the great saphenous and deep femoral veins).
Deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels.

Clinical significance
Since the femoral triangle provides easy access to a major artery, coronary angioplasty and peripheral angioplasty is often performed by entering the femoral artery at the femoral triangle.

33
Q

What are the muscles of the medial thigh compartment?

A 
Pectineus (more MTC than ATC)
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Adductor portion of Adductor Magnus (border of MTC and PTC)

Motor innervation from obdurator nerve

34
Q

What travels through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery –> popliteal artery

35
Q

Give the origin and insertion of gracilis muscle:

A

Pubis –> anteromedial tibia

36
Q

Give the origin and insertion of sartorius:

A

Anterior superior iliac spine –> anteromedial tibia

37
Q

Give the origin and insertion of Semitendinosus:

A

Ischial tuberosity –> anteromedial tibia

38
Q

What makes up the IT band?

A

Tensor fascia lata

Gluteus maximus

39
Q

The 6 P’s describe what syndrome?

A 
Compartment syndrome:
Pain
Paresthesias
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia

Unit 9 (10 decks)

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