4/24/2015 "Gross Anatomy Shoulder & Axilla Matthew J. Vilburn"

Question 1

During downward rotation of the scapula, what movement occurs at the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 1

Passive movement

Question 2

What is the common attachment site for the trapezius, deltoid, subclavius, pec major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles?

Answer 2

Clavicle

Question 3

What bones does the humerus articulate with?

Answer 3

Scapula
Radius
Ulna

Question 4

During pure protraction of the scapula (aka anterior movement aka scapular abduction), which muscle offsets the downward rotation caused by pectoralis minor?

Answer 4

Serratus anterior

Question 5

During abduction of the shoulder beyond 90 degrees, what is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 5

Supraspinatus - first 15 degrees
Deltoid - to 90 degrees
Serratus anterior and trapezius - beyond 90 degrees

Question 6

List three muscles that cause medial rotation of the shoulder.

Answer 6

Deltoid, pectoralis and teres majors, subscapularis, and latissimus dorsi

Question 7

Which 2 muscles are common boundaries for the triangular space, quadrangular space and triangular interval?

Answer 7

teres major and triceps muscles are shared by all the spaces.

Question 8

Which artery branches from the first part of the axillary artery?

Answer 8

Superior thoracic artery is the first branch off of axillary artery

Question 9

The circumflex scapular artery anastomoses with which 2 arteries?

Answer 9

Suprascapular artery

Dorsal scapular artery (aka transverse cervical artery)

Question 10

At what landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 10

Lateral border of first rib

Question 11

At what landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 11

After passing the lower margin of teres major muscle

**Note - the thoracoacromial trunk comes off the axillary artery portion (not subclavian)

Question 12

What are 3 non-terminal branches coming off the posterior cord?

Answer 12

Radial
Axillary
???
Other branches are:
upper subscapular
lower subscapular
thoracodorsal

Question 13

Which muscles do the peripheral nerves coming directly off the C5 root of the brachial plexus innervate?

Answer 13

Peripheral nerves coing directly off C5 root:
1. Dorsal scapular nerve –> rhomboids major and minor, levator scapulae muscle
2. Long thoracic nerve (along with C6 and C7) –> serratus anterior muscle
(Phrenic nerve also contains contributions from C5 –> diaphragm)

Question 14

Which roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the radial nerve?

Answer 14

ALL roots

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 15

Which roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the ulnar nerve?

Answer 15

C8, T1`

Question 16

Which roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 16

C5, C6, C7

Question 17

Which roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the median nerve?

Answer 17

ALL roots

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 18

Shoulder impingement involves what tendon?

Answer 18

Tendon of the supraspinatus muscle

Pain near greater tubercle

Question 19

The majority of shoulder dislocations are:

Answer 19

anterior

Question 20

Provide the nervous innervation for:

Trapezius muscle

Answer 20

Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Sensory from C3, C4

Question 21

Provide the nervous innervation for:

Lattisimus dorsi muscle

Answer 21

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 22

Provide the nervous innervation for:

Levator scapulae muscle

Answer 22

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 23

Provide the nervous innervation for:

Rhomboid major and minor

Answer 23

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 24

Long thoracic nerve innervates what muscle?

Answer 24

Serratus anterior muscle

Question 25

Lower subscapular nerve innervates what muscle?

Answer 25

Teres major muscle
Subscapularis muscle (which also gets innervation from upper subscapular nerve)

Question 26

Axillary nerve innervated what intrinsic shoulder muscles?

Answer 26

Deltoid muscle

Teres minor muscle

Question 27

Suprascapular nerve innervates what intrinsic shoulder muscle?

Answer 27

Infraspinatus muscle