5&6

Question 1

A substance that removes H+ from body fluids

Answer 1

Alkali

Question 2

Important buffer of ECF

Answer 2

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Question 3

HCO3 buffer system differs from other systems of the body in that it is ________________.

Answer 3

Regulated by both the lungs & the kidneys

Question 4

Disturbances in acid-base balance that result from a change in [HCO3-] are termed_____________, wherease those resulting from a change in PCO2 are termed _________.

Answer 4

Metabolic acid-base disorders

Respiratory acid- pbase disorders

Question 5

The kidneys are primarily responsible for regulating ____________, whereas the lungs control _______.

Answer 5

[HCO3-] in ECF

PCO2

Question 6

Yields sulfuric acid when metabolized

Answer 6

Cysteine, methionine, S-containing AA

Question 7

Yields Hydrochloric acid when metabolized

Answer 7

Lysine, arginine, histidine

Question 8

Yields HCO3 when metabolized

Answer 8

Aspartate & glutamate,

Certain organic anions

Question 9

The kidneys excrete an amt of acid equal to the ______________, and in doing so replenish the HCO3- that is lost. The kidneys must also prevent the loss of _________________.

Answer 9

Production of nonvolatile acids

HCO3 in urine

Question 10

Both reabsorption of the filtered HCO3- & excretion of acid ar accomplished via ___________.

Answer 10

H+ secretion by nephrons

Question 11

To excrete sufficient acid, the kidneys excrete H+ wt urinary buffers such as _____

Answer 11

Pi

Question 12

The kidneys contribute to acid-base homeostasis by…..

Answer 12

Reabsorbing the filtered load of HCO3- &

Excreting an amount of acid equivalent to the amount of nonvolatile acid produced each day

Question 13

1nM = ?

Answer 13

1 millionth of a mmol

Question 14

Nervous system activity during acidosis

Answer 14

less excitable neurons

Question 15

Nervous system activity during alkalosis

Answer 15

Hyperexcitable neurons

Question 16

CO2 + H2O = ______________ –> + carbonic anhydrase = __________

Answer 16

Carbonic acid

H+ & HCO3

Question 17

Volatile acids (CO2) are taken cared of by

Answer 17

Resipiratory system

Question 18

Nonvolatile acids (ex: sulfuric, phosphoric) are taken cared of by _______

Answer 18

The kidneys

Question 19

In the form of phosphates you form ______

Answer 19

Titratable acids

Question 20

Most important ECF buffer

Answer 20

Bicarbonate

Question 21

Extracellular buffers

Answer 21

Bicarb
Inorg phosphates
Pr

Question 22

Most important ICF buffer

Answer 22

Organic phosphates

Question 23

ICF buffer in RBC

Answer 23

Hgb

Question 24

ICF buffers in bone

Answer 24

Mineral phosphates & carbonates

Question 25

1st line of defense

Answer 25

Buffering system | H+ ions are neutralized

Question 26

2nd line of defense

Answer 26

Resp response / ventilation | CO2 is excreted

Question 27

The 3rd line of defense, renal response takes care of non vol acids thru excretion of _________.

Answer 27

Titratable acids and NH4

Question 28

How much CO2 can be dissolved in the plasma?

Answer 28

70%

Question 29

Most important urinary buffer

Answer 29

Phosphate Another is NH4/3, synth in the kidneys

Question 30

Increased CO2 levels stimulates ____

Answer 30

Central chemoreceptors

Question 31

Daily filtered load og HCO3

Answer 31

4320mmol

Question 32

Components of net uric acid secretion (70mEq/d)

Answer 32

Excreted H ions bound to PO4, creatinine & uric acid (24mEq/d) Excreted H ions bound to NH4 (48mEq/d) Excretion of filtered HCO3 (2mEq/d)

Question 33

Kidneys control HCO3 by_____

Answer 33

Decreasing net acid secretion

Question 34

The nephron reclaims virtually all the filtered HCO3 in the

Answer 34

proximal tubule (~80%), thick ascending limb (~10%), and distal nephron (~10%)

Question 35

3 fats of secreted H+

Answer 35

1. Titration of filtered bicarbs 2. Titration of filtered Po4 3. Titration of filtered & secreted NH3 (asNh4 exc)

Question 36

Part of the kidney where most HCO3 is reabsorbed and produced

Answer 36

Proximal tubule

Question 37

H transport mechs

Answer 37

Na-H exchanger H ATPase K-H exchanger

Question 38

Bicard transport mech

Answer 38

Cl-HCO3 exchanger Na-HCO3 exchanger Both stimulate bicarb reabs into the blood

Question 39

b- intercalated cells are used during?

Answer 39

Alkalosis

Question 40

Bicarb Cl transporter

Answer 40

Pendrin

Question 41

Any substance that adds H+ to body fluids

Answer 41

Acid