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Renal Physio (Finals) > 5&6 > Flashcards

5&6 Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that removes H+ from body fluids

A

Alkali

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2
Q

Important buffer of ECF

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

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3
Q

HCO3 buffer system differs from other systems of the body in that it is ________________.

A

Regulated by both the lungs & the kidneys

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4
Q

Disturbances in acid-base balance that result from a change in [HCO3-] are termed_____________, wherease those resulting from a change in PCO2 are termed _________.

A

Metabolic acid-base disorders

Respiratory acid- pbase disorders

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5
Q

The kidneys are primarily responsible for regulating ____________, whereas the lungs control _______.

A

[HCO3-] in ECF

PCO2

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6
Q

Yields sulfuric acid when metabolized

A

Cysteine, methionine, S-containing AA

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7
Q

Yields Hydrochloric acid when metabolized

A

Lysine, arginine, histidine

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8
Q

Yields HCO3 when metabolized

A

Aspartate & glutamate,

Certain organic anions

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9
Q

The kidneys excrete an amt of acid equal to the ______________, and in doing so replenish the HCO3- that is lost. The kidneys must also prevent the loss of _________________.

A

Production of nonvolatile acids

HCO3 in urine

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10
Q

Both reabsorption of the filtered HCO3- & excretion of acid ar accomplished via ___________.

A

H+ secretion by nephrons

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11
Q

To excrete sufficient acid, the kidneys excrete H+ wt urinary buffers such as _____

A

Pi

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12
Q

The kidneys contribute to acid-base homeostasis by…..

A

Reabsorbing the filtered load of HCO3- &

Excreting an amount of acid equivalent to the amount of nonvolatile acid produced each day

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13
Q

1nM = ?

A

1 millionth of a mmol

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14
Q

Nervous system activity during acidosis

A

less excitable neurons

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15
Q

Nervous system activity during alkalosis

A

Hyperexcitable neurons

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16
Q

CO2 + H2O = ______________ –> + carbonic anhydrase = __________

A

Carbonic acid

H+ & HCO3

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17
Q

Volatile acids (CO2) are taken cared of by

A

Resipiratory system

18
Q

Nonvolatile acids (ex: sulfuric, phosphoric) are taken cared of by _______

A

The kidneys

19
Q

In the form of phosphates you form ______

A

Titratable acids

20
Q

Most important ECF buffer

A

Bicarbonate

21
Q

Extracellular buffers

A

Bicarb
Inorg phosphates
Pr

22
Q

Most important ICF buffer

A

Organic phosphates

23
Q

ICF buffer in RBC

A

Hgb

24
Q

ICF buffers in bone

A

Mineral phosphates & carbonates

25
Q

1st line of defense

A

Buffering system

H+ ions are neutralized

26
Q

2nd line of defense

A

Resp response / ventilation

CO2 is excreted

27
Q

The 3rd line of defense, renal response takes care of non vol acids thru excretion of _________.

A

Titratable acids and NH4

28
Q

How much CO2 can be dissolved in the plasma?

A

70%

29
Q

Most important urinary buffer

A

Phosphate

Another is NH4/3, synth in the kidneys

30
Q

Increased CO2 levels stimulates ____

A

Central chemoreceptors

31
Q

Daily filtered load og HCO3

A

4320mmol

32
Q

Components of net uric acid secretion (70mEq/d)

A

Excreted H ions bound to PO4, creatinine & uric acid (24mEq/d)
Excreted H ions bound to NH4 (48mEq/d)
Excretion of filtered HCO3 (2mEq/d)

33
Q

Kidneys control HCO3 by_____

A

Decreasing net acid secretion

34
Q

The nephron reclaims virtually all the filtered HCO3 in the

A

proximal tubule (~80%),
thick ascending limb (~10%),
and distal nephron (~10%)

35
Q

3 fats of secreted H+

A
  1. Titration of filtered bicarbs
  2. Titration of filtered Po4
  3. Titration of filtered & secreted NH3 (asNh4 exc)
36
Q

Part of the kidney where most HCO3 is reabsorbed and produced

A

Proximal tubule

37
Q

H transport mechs

A

Na-H exchanger
H ATPase
K-H exchanger

38
Q

Bicard transport mech

A

Cl-HCO3 exchanger
Na-HCO3 exchanger

Both stimulate bicarb reabs into the blood

39
Q

b- intercalated cells are used during?

A

Alkalosis

40
Q

Bicarb Cl transporter

A

Pendrin

41
Q

Any substance that adds H+ to body fluids

A

Acid

Renal Physio (Finals) (10 decks)

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