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Renal Physio (Finals) > 1&2 > Flashcards

1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

Impt for maintenance of normal cell volume in all tissues of the body

A

Body fluid osmolality

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2
Q

Impt for normal fxn of the CVS

A

Body fluid volume

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3
Q

High electrolyte intake

A

(+) balance

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4
Q

High electrolyte excretion

A

Low electrolytes in the body;

( - ) balance

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5
Q

The kidneys produce and secrete

A

Renin
Calcitrol
Erythropoietin

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6
Q

Stimulates RBC formation by the bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin

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7
Q

Activates RAAS whc helps regulate BP and Na & K balance

A

Renin

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8
Q

For metabolsim of Vit D3; necessary for normal absorption of Ca by the GI tract & for its deposition in bone

A

Calcitriol

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9
Q

Renal disease = low Calcitriol production = ?

A

Poor Ca absorption by the intestine

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10
Q

Renal disease = low erythropoietin production = ?

A

Low RBC produciton = anemia

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11
Q

Paired organs that lie on the post wall of the abdomen behind the peritoneum on either side of the vertebral column

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Outer region of the kidney

A

Cortex

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13
Q

Inner region of the kidney

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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15
Q

The medulla divides into conical masses called

A

Renal pyramids

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16
Q

The base of a renal pyramid orginates at the

A

Corticomedullary border

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17
Q

The apex of a renal pyramid terminates in a

A

Papilla,

W/c lies within a major calyx

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18
Q

Collects urine from each papilla

A

Minor calyces

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19
Q

The minor calyces expand into two or three open-ended pouches

A

Major calyces

20
Q

The major calyces turn feed into the

A

Pelvis

21
Q

Carries urine from the pelvis to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

22
Q

Supplies blood to the kidneys

A

Peritubular capillaries

23
Q

Each human kidney contain approx how many nephrons

A

1.2 M

24
Q

Hollow tubes composed of a single layer

A

Nephrons

25
Q

Th nephrons consists of:

A

A renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, loop of henle,

distal tubule, collecting duct system

26
Q

The passive movement of an essentially protien-free fluid from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space

A

Ultrafiltration

27
Q

Epithelial cells that cover the capillaries and form the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

A

Podocytes

28
Q

The space between the visceral layer and the parietal layer, whch at the urinary pole of the glomerolus becomes the lumen of the proximal tubule

A

Bowman’s space

29
Q

The filtration barrier is formed by

A

The capillary endothelium
Basement membrane
Foot processes of podocytes

30
Q

The endothelial cells synthesize a number of vasoactive substances that are important in controlling renal plasma flow

A

NO

endothelin-1

31
Q

An important filtration barrier

Thought to function primarily as a charge-selective filter

A

Basement membrane

32
Q

Functions primarily as size-selective filter

Keeps the proteins and macromolecules that cross the basement membrane from entering bowman’s space

A

Filtration slits

33
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus includes:

A

Macula densa of the thick ascending limb
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Granular cells of the afferent arteriole

34
Q

Three general processes for assesment of renal function

A

Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption of the substance from tubular fluid back into the blood
Secretion of the substance from blood into tubule fluid

35
Q

Renal clearance principle

A

Fick principle

36
Q

Represents a volume of plasma from whc all the substances has been removed & excreted into urine per unit time

A

Clearance

37
Q

Equal to the sum of the filtration rates of all fxning nephrons

A

GFR

38
Q

Index of kidney fxn

Essential in evaluating the severity and course of kidney disease

A

GFR

39
Q

Low GFR = ?

A

Progressing kidney disease

40
Q

Regulatory organs rather than excretory

A

Kidneys

80
Q

Short segment of the thick ascending limb

A

Macula densa

81
Q

Proximal tubule cells have an extensively amplified apical membrane called the ______, whc is present only in the proximal tubule

A

Brush border

82
Q

The basolateral membrane ( the blood side of the cell) is highly invaginated and contains _________

A

Many mitochondria

83
Q

The descending and ascending thin limbs of loop of henle and the inner medullary collecting duct have cells that are______

A

Poorly developed apical and basolateral surfaces & few mitochondria

84
Q

Have abundant mitochondria & extensive infoldings of the basolateral membrane

A

Cell of the thick ascending limb and the distal tubule

85
Q

Two cell types in the collecting duct:

A

Principal cells - for NaCl reabs & K secretion, few mitochondria, moderately inveginated basolat membrane
Intercalated cells - for acid-base balance, high density mitochon, secretes H/HCO3

Renal Physio (Finals) (10 decks)

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